Management Theories Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary focus of the initial Hawthorne experiments?

The effects of lighting on worker productivity (correct)

Psychological stress levels of workers

Systematic work processes

Employee training techniques

Which of the following is an advantage of bureaucratic organization?

Equal treatment of all employees

Rapid response to changes

Flexibility in decision making

Efficiency in operations (correct)

What distinguishes a leader from a manager according to Warren Bennis?

Leaders focus on processes while managers guide people

Leaders and managers have the same roles in organizations

Leaders inspire and guide people while managers focus on process and administration (correct)

Leaders prioritize administration while managers inspire

Which statement accurately reflects Theory X's assumptions about employees?

Employees are unmotivated and only seek personal success. Signup and view all the answers

What principle of bureaucracy involves dividing tasks among employees?

Division of labor Signup and view all the answers

How does the Hawthorne effect influence business practices today?

By highlighting the importance of managerial observation and attention Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle of Henri Fayol's management theory?

Unity of command Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a hygiene factor in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

Work relationships Signup and view all the answers

What does Theory Z emphasize to improve employee well-being?

Continuous training and generalist roles Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met for a person to be motivated to fulfill a need according to Maslow?

Need is deficient and needs below it are satisfied. Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to running a business or organization in relation to Total Quality Management?

Continuous improvement Signup and view all the answers

How does the Theory of Adult Personality view poor employee motivation?

As a consequence of incorrect management practices. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT associated with Total Quality Commitment?

Organization management Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

McGregor's Theory X & Y

Theory X: Employees are lazy, unmotivated, and work only for personal success.
Theory Y: Employees are internally motivated and are passionate about their work.
McGregor prefers Theory Y.

Argyris' Theory of Adult Personality

Employees do not perform their best when treated like children.
Poor employee motivation is caused by incorrect management practices and a lack of understanding of adult personality.
The Theory of Adult Personality is not used to diminish initiative or independent work.

William Ouchi's Management Theory (Theory Z)

Theory Z: A work philosophy that emphasizes generalist roles, continuous training, and employee well-being.
Benefits of Theory Z: Reduced turnover, increased productivity, and enhanced job satisfaction.
Theory Z emphasizes work-life balance through teamwork and job security.

Abraham Maslow's 5 Levels of Human Needs

Needs are physiological or psychological deficiencies.
Self-actualization needs continue to grow as other needs are met.
Motivation is driven by unmet needs, particularly those at lower levels.

Henri Fayol's Administrative Management Theory

Unity of command is a key principle of management.
Scientific planning is not a principle of Fayol's theory.
Fayol's theory focuses on the administrative aspect of management.

W. Edwards Deming's Total Quality Management (TQM)

TQM is not the overall quality of the human experience in the workplace. (False)

Frederick Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

Hygiene factors (e.g., salary, work relationships) do not motivate employees.
Motivational factors (e.g., recognition, achievement) increase employee productivity.
Increasing motivational factors improves productivity and employee commitment.

Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Theory

Hawthorne studies focused on the psychological well-being of workers along with their physical working environment.
Initial focus: The Effect of lighting on worker productivity.
Positive impact now extends to business practices: highlights management's role in observation and attention when training and supervising employees.

Max Weber's Theory of Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy may not impact everyone equally.
Advantages include efficiency and division of labor.

Warren Bennis's Leadership vs. Management

Leadership inspires and guides, while management focuses on processes and administration.
Leadership qualities can be developed over time.
Effective leaders play to their strengths and surround themselves with individuals who compensate for their weaknesses.

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Description

Test your understanding of key management theories including McGregor's Theory X & Y, Argyris' Theory of Adult Personality, Ouchi's Theory Z, and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Each theory highlights different approaches to employee motivation and management practices. See how well you grasp these fundamental concepts in management.