Major Histocompatibility Complex Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the Major Histocompatibility complex?

It’s a locus of genes responsible for producing molecules required for antigen presentation and rejection of the tissue grafts

Which of the following is NOT a general characteristic of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in mammals?

  • MHC genes are highly polymorphic
  • MHC genes are co-dominantly expressed
  • MHC molecules are expressed exclusively on red blood cells (correct)
  • MHC molecules are crucial for graft rejection and immune recognition

    • What is the primary role of MHC molecules in the immune system?

  • Binding free pathogens for destruction
  • Presenting antigenic peptides to T cells (correct)
  • Inducing direct apoptosis in infected cells
  • Suppressing cytokine production in response to infection

    • Which type of cells predominantly express MHC class II molecules?

    <p>Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is essential for the stable expression of MHC class 1 molecules on the cell surface?

    <p>alpha chain, Beta2 microglobulin, and a peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The antigen binding groove of MHC II molecules is formed by which structural domains?

    <p>alpha 1 and beta 1 domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might specific MHC alleles contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases in animals?

    <p>By failing to present a critical antigen and mount a protective immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ responsible for survival or rejection of a graft were called tissue or ________

    <p>The genes responsible for survival or rejection of a graft were called tissue or histo-compatibility genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All animals have histocompatibility molecules

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many classes of MHC molecules exist?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a defining feature of MHC class 1 molecules?

    <p>They are expressed on all nucleated cells and present on antigens to CD8+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the role of MHC class II molecules?

    <p>They present longer peptides (usually &gt;13 amino acids) to CD4+ helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines MHC class III molecules?

    <p>They encode proteins involved in the regulation of the innate immune response, such as complement proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between MHC Class Ia and Class Id molecules?

    <p>MHC Class Id molecules are located outside the MHC region on a different chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All numbers of Class 1a loci are functional.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MHC molecules were originally fond on what type of cells?

    <p>They were originally found on white blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different genes do you express for MHC1?

    <p>6 genes, A, B &amp; C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does each individual possess six different MHC class I molecules?

    <p>The MHC genes are codominantly expressed, with three genes (A, B &amp; C) inherited from each parent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Class 1 MHC molecules are highly polymorphic, meaning

    <p>MHC molecules exhibit a wide variety of peptide binding specificities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of peptide length, MHC class 1 molecules accommodate peptides that are:

    <p>8-10 aa long</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT encode proteins involved in antigen presentation?

    <p>MHC 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is specific to MHC class 2 molecules?

    <p>They consist of alpha and beta chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A set of MHC alleles present on a chromosome is called a _______

    <p>Haplotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MHC class 1 and MCH class 2 are the main antigen presenting molecules

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MCH class 1 molecules are expressed on all nucleated cells except …. (Hint: 3)

    <p>They aren’t usually found on red blood cells, gametes, neurons or trophoblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MCH III regulates the adaptive immune response and not the innate immune response

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Each MHC 1 molecules has an (intracellular/extracellular) domain which makes up the ______________

    <p>Each MHC 1 molecules has an extracellular domain which makes up the antigen binding groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which MHC class 1 molecule REGION binds to CD8 co receptors?

    <p>Alpha 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes peptide-TCR?

    <p>A TCR has fine specificity and can bind only one specific peptide presented by an MHC molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cytokines increase the expression of MHC class 1 molecules?

    <p>All the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine increases expression of MHC class 2 molecules on dendritic cells and macrophages?

    <p>IFN gamma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential outcomes of antigen presentation through MHC II, respectively?

    <p>These are expressed on APC’s (e.g. dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells) and present exogenous (extracellular) antigens to CD4+ helper T cells. The outcome is the activation of helper T cells, which in turn secrete cytokines that help activate other immune cells like B cells (to produce antibodies) and macrophages (to enhance phagocytosis). This contributes to a broader immune response, particularly against extracellular pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of conducting MHC typing for organ transplantation?

    <p>To increase the compatibility between donor and recipient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can MHC typing contribute to the study of autoimmune diseases?

    <p>By linking specific MHC alleles to disease risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of disease susceptibility, what role does MHC typing serve?

    <p>Determining the genetic predisposition to certain diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influence do MHC molecules have on vaccination responses?

    <p>They affect how effectively an individual presents antigens to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of MHC typing in veterinary medicine?

    <p>Identifying genetic predispositions to diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    MHC Molecules in Diagnostics

    • Transplant Compatibility: MHC typing is essential for organ and tissue transplantation. Matching MHC alleles between donor and recipient reduces graft rejection and enhances graft survival.
    • Disease Susceptibility and Resistance: MHC typing can identify individuals genetically predisposed to certain diseases. For example, specific MHC alleles are associated with susceptibility or resistance to autoimmune disorders and infections.
    • Autoimmune Disease Research: MHC typing is valuable in understanding autoimmune diseases. Certain MHC alleles are linked to autoimmune conditions, such as ankylosing spondylitis, where HLA-B27 expression increases disease risk.
    • Vaccination and Immune Response: MHC typing can predict vaccine effectiveness. MHC molecules present antigens, and certain alleles influence an individual's response to specific vaccines.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), a crucial part of the immune system that plays a significant role in the body's ability to recognize foreign molecules. Understanding MHC is essential for fields like immunology and transplantation biology. Test your knowledge on its functions and importance.

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