Macrophage and Connective Tissue Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What primarily characterizes the morphology of macrophages?

  • Regular surface with a few protrusions
  • Flat surface with a lack of granules
  • Irregular surface with pleats, protrusions, and indentations (correct)
  • Smooth surface with few indentations

    • From which precursor cells do macrophages originate?

  • Neutrophils
  • Erythrocytes
  • Monocytes (correct)
  • Lymphocytes

    • Which of the following is NOT a function of macrophages?

  • Production of antibodies (correct)
  • Activation of lymphocytes
  • Inflammation
  • Tissue repair after damage

    • What occurs during the transition from monocytes to macrophages?

    <p>Increase in protein synthesis and lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells is a subtype of macrophages located in the skin?

    <p>Langerhans cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for constructing a meaningful stem in a question?

    <p>Ensuring the stem can stand alone and presents a clear problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of effective distractors?

    <p>They represent a variety of unrelated concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes how to formulate options for a multiple-choice question?

    <p>Each option must be distinct and plausible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when constructing a question stem?

    <p>Including introductory phrases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When providing additional context in the 'info' section, what should be ensured?

    <p>It should not refer explicitly to any text or original source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of connective tissues in the body?

    <p>To maintain the form of organs and provide support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

    <p>Nuclei of connective tissue cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells can give rise to multiple types of connective tissues?

    <p>Mesenchymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of ground substance in connective tissue?

    <p>It is a complex of hydrophilic substances that mediates nutrient exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of fibroblasts found in connective tissue?

    <p>Mesenchymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are considered transient in connective tissues?

    <p>White blood cells (leukocytes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is involved in antibody production?

    <p>Plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common property do mesenchymal cells in adult tissues possess?

    <p>They are multipotent stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of mast cells in the immune response?

    <p>Releasing histamine and other mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the lifespan of plasma cells?

    <p>10-20 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the exocytosis of granules in mast cells?

    <p>Binding of antigens to IgE receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is released from mast cell granules that is associated with hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Leukotrienes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic appearance does the nucleus of plasma cells exhibit?

    <p>Clock-face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of fibroblasts in connective tissue?

    <p>Production of extracellular fibers and ground substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue cell is primarily involved in immune defense and can modulate allergic reactions?

    <p>Eosinophilic leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes macrophages in connective tissue?

    <p>They remove debris and can increase their phagocytic activity when activated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

    <p>Protein fibers and ground substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in connective tissue are known to function in producing pharmacologically active molecules?

    <p>Mast cells and basophilic leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neutrophilic leukocytes in connective tissue?

    <p>Phagocytosis of bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the ground substance in connective tissue?

    <p>Watery, amorphous material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do plasma cells play in connective tissue?

    <p>Production of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes active fibroblasts?

    <p>Larger with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and euchromatic nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates quiescent fibroblasts from active fibroblasts?

    <p>Quiescent fibroblasts have a darker, more heterochromatic nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of adipocytes?

    <p>Store lipids and provide insulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes macrophages?

    <p>They are known for their strong phagocytic ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do fibroblasts contribute to the healing of wounds?

    <p>They replace damaged tissue with scar tissue through myofibroblast action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is common in mesenchymal cells?

    <p>They have large euchromatic nuclei indicating high synthetic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation would fibroblasts resume mitotic activity?

    <p>When stimulated by locally released growth factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of dense irregular scar tissue?

    <p>It replaces damaged areas in tissues with poor cell division capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is primarily produced by fibroblasts?

    <p>Proteoglycans and collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of mast cells in the immune response?

    <p>Localized release of bioactive substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances released by mast cells increases vascular permeability?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do mast cells originate from?

    <p>Progenitor cells in the bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the degranulation of mast cells during an allergic reaction?

    <p>Antigen binding to IgE on mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mast cells?

    <p>Release of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these functions is NOT associated with mast cells?

    <p>Regulating blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature can be observed in the granules of some mast cells?

    <p>Scroll-like substructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During tissue repair, what role do mast cells play?

    <p>Releasing mediators that aid in healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process allows leukocytes to migrate from the blood into connective tissue?

    <p>Diapedesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are major signs of inflammation?

    <p>Redness, heat, swelling, and pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of collagen type I?

    <p>Resistance to tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell types are primarily responsible for the secretion of collagen?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collagen is primarily found in cartilage and provides resistance to pressure?

    <p>Collagen type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance causes an increase in vascular permeability during inflammation?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of leukocyte chemotaxis?

    <p>To guide leukocytes to inflamed areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which collagen type is associated with the anchoring of basal laminae?

    <p>Linking/Anchoring collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key property is used to differentiate collagen types under optical microscopy?

    <p>Birefringence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes elastic fibers in connective tissue?

    <p>They are mainly composed of elastin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in collagen synthesis?

    <p>Production of procollagen chains in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collagen is primarily found in cartilage?

    <p>Type II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular mass of each collagen chain in Type I collagen?

    <p>100 kDa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of collagenases in collagen turnover?

    <p>To initiate collagen degradation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is required for hydroxylation during collagen synthesis?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of collagen forms lattice-like networks in epithelial basal laminae?

    <p>Type IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the structure of tropocollagen?

    <p>Contains a right-handed triple helix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which step of post-translational processing are hydroxyl groups added to proline and lysine?

    <p>Step 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of excess collagen production in keloid formation?

    <p>Results in large scars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the staggering distance between adjacent units in Type I collagen fibrils?

    <p>67 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vitamin C in collagen synthesis?

    <p>It is required for hydroxylation and glycosylation of specific residues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the transport mechanism of procollagen molecules to the Golgi complex?

    <p>Soluble protein mediates their transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to procollagen once it is released into the extracellular space?

    <p>It aggregates to form insoluble collagen molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter range of reticular fibers primarily composed of collagen type III?

    <p>0.005 to 0.2 μm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about abnormal collagen synthesis is true?

    <p>It may arise from genetic disorders or conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for catalyzing the covalent cross-linking of collagen molecules?

    <p>Lysyl oxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed during the process of collagen synthesis in regard to mRNA?

    <p>mRNA is created for collagen chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in collagen synthesis?

    <p>Collagen fibrils are formed after exocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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