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Questions and Answers
What are the two main components of oral skills?
Listening and Speaking
Which of the following are modes of listening? (Select all that apply)
What is the purpose of reading comprehension?
To decode symbols to derive meaning from text.
Name the five stages of the writing process.
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Viewing refers only to the ability to read text.
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What does 'visual literacy' refer to?
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Who coined the term 'Communicative Competence'?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of communicative competence?
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What does discourse competence involve?
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To communicate effectively, one must understand _ and various aspects of communication.
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Study Notes
Macro Skills
- Macro skills are the four basic skills of communication: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
- These skills are divided into two sections: oral skills and literacy skills.
- Oral skills include listening and speaking, while literacy skills encompass reading, writing, viewing, and communicative competence.
Listening
- Listening is the ability to accurately receive and interpret messages during communication.
- There are three types of listening: competitive, passive, and active.
Speaking
- Speaking is the vocalization of human communication.
- The context and setting influence the way someone speaks.
- Speaking can be formal or informal.
Reading
- Reading comprehension involves decoding symbols to derive meaning from text.
- Reading is used for knowledge sharing, self-development, and relaxation.
Writing
- Writing is the process of using symbols to communicate thoughts and ideas in a readable form.
- Writing provides deeper meaning and in-depth transmission of ideas compared to speaking.
- The writing process involves five stages: pre-writing, drafting, revising, proofreading, and publishing.
Viewing
- Viewing encompasses the ability to perceive meaning from visual images and presentations.
- Viewing supports oral and literacy skills.
- It expands understanding and communication with non-verbal communication.
- Visual representation of ideas includes: drawings, photographs, organizational graphs and charts, videos, multimedia, webpages, and web-based correspondence.
Types of Viewing
- Visual literacy is the ability to interpret the meaning of visual images and to create effective visuals.
- Critical viewing is the ability to carefully analyze and evaluate information presented visually.
Receptive and Productive Skills
- Receptive skills are the skills used to understand or receive information.
- Productive skills are the skills used to create or produce information.
- Oral Skills: Listening is a receptive skill, and speaking is a productive skill.
- Literacy Skills: Reading is receptive, and writing, viewing, and communicative competence are productive.
Communicative Competence
- Communicative competence is the ability to communicate effectively within a social setting, going beyond just linguistic forms.
- It involves understanding social rules and context.
- Coined by Dell Hymes, who emphasizes the importance of language and social context.
Components of Communicative Competence
- There are five key components of communicative competence:
- Linguistic Competence: knowledge and understanding of the language code, including its grammar and vocabulary.
- Sociolinguistic Competence: understanding and using language appropriately given the social context, setting, and relationship between communicators.
- Cultural Competence: awareness and sensitivity to other's cultures and traditions.
- Discourse Competence: fluency and organization in using oral and written language patterns to create meaningful texts.
- Strategic Competence: the ability to use strategies for communicating effectively in specific situations, such as knowing how to overcome communication breakdowns or use language to achieve specific goals.
Significance
- These skills are essential for effective communication, understanding subtext, solving problems, and achieving objectives.
- Light (1997) states that the four main purposes of communication include expressing wants and needs, developing social closeness, exchanging information, and fulfilling social etiquette routines.
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Description
This quiz explores the four fundamental macro skills of communication: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Delve into the nuances of each skill, including types of listening and the impact of context on speaking. Test your understanding of these essential competencies in effective communication.
