Developing Macro Skills in Language Learning
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Questions and Answers

What are the four language skills needed for complete communication?

listening, speaking, reading, writing

What is the relationship between speaking and listening?

  • Listening is essential for developing speaking skills (correct)
  • Speaking is essential for developing listening skills
  • They have no influence on each other
  • They are independent skills

    • Formal speaking occurs in business or academic situations.

    True

    In speaking, we produce sounds using many parts of our body, including the lungs, vocal tract, vocal chords, tongue, teeth, and ___.

    <p>lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following language skills with their descriptions:

    <p>Listening = Processing sound waves and interpretation Speaking = Delivery of language through the mouth Reading = Understanding written language Writing = Creating written language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of barrier is described as not communicating passion, enthusiasm, and commitment through facial expressions?

    <p>Communication Barrier #1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fidgeting with fingers, rings, or talking with hands is described as a distracting gesture barrier.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to avoid the barrier of Lack of Focus?

    <p>Stay Focused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Non-words like 'um' and 'uh' can be eliminated by ________________.

    <p>pausing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the communication barrier with its description:

    <p>Communication Barrier #5 = Lack of Eye Connection Communication Barrier #6 = Verbal Static</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activity involves drawing big letters in the air while saying their sounds?

    <p>Air writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of clay can be used for making letters in the activity described in the text?

    <p>plasticine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before introducing letters, it is important to teach children to recognize, understand, and produce the spoken word through ____, songs, and stories.

    <p>games</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phonics approach is more useful than learning the names of the letters initially.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following literacy strategy with its description:

    <p>Phonemic awareness = Explicit instruction on the link between letters and sounds Grapho-phonics = Understanding the relationship between phonemes and graphemes Blending = Putting together sounds to form words Segmenting = Separating sounds in spoken words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of teaching young learners how to 'encode' symbols and visuals?

    <p>To find out the message being shared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to acquire the grammar or syntax of a language?

    <p>Multiple exposures to language in different contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Cameron (2001), creating a literate environment in the classroom may be the only place young learners see print in the foreign language. One of the activities suggested is using ______.

    <p>labels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reading fluency may be enhanced through timed repeated reading, as mentioned in the content.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following activities with ways to make reading more pleasurable:

    <p>Running dictation = Involving all learners in reading Creating backstories for characters in a puppet family = Developing over a semester Extensive reading = Reading a lot of easy material independently Making reading purposeful = Bringing in material learners enjoy reading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define metacognition.

    <p>Metacognition means to think about your thinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main types of connections we can make during reading?

    <p>Text-to-Text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Making inferences is an easy concept for children and some adults to grasp.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Visualizing while reading involves the ability of readers to make mental __________ of a text.

    <p>images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reading comprehension strategies with their descriptions:

    <p>Make connections = Connecting what the reader already knows to deepen understanding Predictions = Asking readers to make frequent predictions Fix-Up Strategies = Equipping readers with strategies to help them when information breaks down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the qualities of a creative classroom?

    <p>Students lead the learning and work together on projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you nurture creativity in your classroom?

    <p>By providing opportunities for students to express ideas freely without judgment, encouraging collaboration, and allowing students to lead the learning and complete projects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of an indoor picnic activity mentioned in the content?

    <p>Creating imaginative indoor scenarios to lift everyone's mood during dark winter days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what key ingredient is important in a classroom for fostering creativity?

    <p>Dramatic-play area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Competence-Based Curriculum, teachers are expected to follow a rigid curriculum without any room for customization.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of writing development, learners should focus on developing both micro and _____ skills.

    <p>macro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Test-takers hear : Write the missing word in each blank. Have you ever visited San Francisco? It is a very nice city. It is _ in the summer and _ in the winter. I like the cable cars and bridges.

    Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of tasks in handwriting letters, words, and punctuation?

    <p>To assess a person's ability to produce written letters and symbols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of listening cloze selection tasks?

    <p>Practice writing and increase difficulty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Picture-cued tasks focus on familiar words whose spelling may be unpredictable to test-takers, such as boot/book, read/reed, bit/bite, etc. This format is an opportunity to present some challenging words and word pairs to assess their ability in spelling __________.

    <p>challenging words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dicto-Comp is a form of controlled writing that is not related to dictation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Grammatical Transformation Task with its description:

    <p>Change the tenses in a paragraph. = Assesses grammatical competence with different verb tenses Change statements to (Yes/No) questions. = Transforms declarative sentences into interrogative form Change from active into passive voice. = Rewrites sentences shifting the focus from the subject to the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Developing the Macro Skills in a Competence-Based Curriculum

    Macro Skills

    • Language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing
    • Importance of listening and speaking skills in communication

    Listening Skills

    • Definition: understanding, interpreting, and evaluating what is heard
    • Importance: foundation of communication, reduces conflict, and strengthens cooperation
    • Types of listening:
      • Listening for gist: understanding the main idea of a text
      • Listening for specific information: finding specific details
      • Listening for detailed understanding: understanding all information in a text
    • Strategies:
      • Top-down: using prior knowledge and background information
      • Bottom-up: focusing on language and grammar
    • Research: listening comprehension is key in second language acquisition

    Improving Listening Skills

    • Before listening: think about the topic, predict content, and review vocabulary
    • During listening: focus on key words, ignore less important words, and use context to understand unknown words
    • After listening: review notes, check understanding, and identify problems

    Active Listening Activities

    • Dual dictation: students write a dialogue and then perform it
    • Class memory quiz: students ask each other questions and take notes

    Speaking Skills

    • Definition: delivering language through the mouth
    • Types of speaking:
      • Informal: with friends and family
      • Formal: in business or academic situations
    • Importance: key to effective communication and language learning
    • Teaching speaking: producing sounds, using word and sentence stress, and organizing thoughts

    Barriers to Effective Communication

    • Lack of enthusiasm
    • Distracting gestures
    • Lack of focus
    • Using PowerPoint as a crutch
    • Verbal static
    • Lack of eye connection
    • Strategies for overcoming these barriers### Effective Communication and Reading Skills
    • Developing reading skills is crucial for learners, not just for learning but for life.
    • Reading is a fundamental skill that builds on oral language levels.
    • Young learners need a firm foundation in auditory and oracy skills before becoming proficient readers and writers.

    Body Language and Communication

    • When speaking English, try to respond naturally to people's body language.
    • Don't translate in your head; it takes too much time and makes you hesitant.
    • If you forget a word, use fillers like "um" or "er" and keep the conversation going.

    Introducing Letters and Phonics

    • Introduce letters phonically, focusing on the sound-letter link.
    • Prepare flashcards with lower-case letters and introduce around 7-10 letters at a time.
    • Use games, songs, and stories to practise the new letters and sounds.
    • Revise new language regularly to help learners remember.

    Recognising Letters and Words

    • Play games like "Run and Point" to practise recognizing letters.
    • Use word tiles to build words and practise letter recognition.
    • Create worksheets with Word Searches, Crosswords, and word-building activities.

    Exploring Reading with Young Learners

    • Teach phonemic awareness, explicitly linking sounds to letters.
    • Teach semantics, understanding the meaning behind symbols.
    • Teach syntactics, the arrangement of symbols in language.

    Developing Literacy

    • Create a literate environment in the classroom with labels, posters, and messages.
    • Focus on reading fluency through repeated reading and running dictation.
    • Encourage learners to create their own storybooks, dramas, and role-plays to share with peers.
    • Make reading purposeful by using real-life materials and discussions.### Developing the Macro Skills in a Competence-Based Curriculum

    6 Strategies for Reading with Young Learners

    • Reading with young learners involves a wide range of activities, including reading the images, reading the text aloud, retelling the story, and carrying out playful activities based on the text.
    • Extra materials needed to support reading programs include illustrations, picture dictionaries, activities, games, Big Books, and audio recordings.

    6 Strategies for Reading with Young Learners (continued)

    • Shared Group Reading: Use Young Readers Big Books to introduce reading as a fun, group activity, improving listening comprehension, and connecting listening, reading, and visual literacy skills.
    • Read Aloud and Build a Dialogue: Read aloud to children, slowing down to allow them to study the book and observe images, and encouraging them to join in the reading and ask questions.
    • Move and Act: Use movement and action to engage young learners, pointing out objects and people, and imitating characters in the book.
    • Have Fun with Flashcards: Use flashcards to play fun games, such as Snap, Memory, Bingo, and Guessing Game/Charades, to help young learners develop vocabulary.
    • Do Creative Projects and Play Games: Engage young learners in creative projects and games to provide contextualized vocabulary practice and make the book more memorable.
    • Chant: Use songs, chants, and raps to help young learners develop pronunciation, intonation, and sentence structure.

    Teaching Reading Comprehension in CBC

    • Comprehension: The only reason for reading, and it has a profound effect on students' entire lives.
    • Teaching Reading Comprehension: Focus on teaching comprehension strategies and creating environments that support understanding of text.
    • Building Comprehension: Constructing meaning through interactive, strategic, and adaptable processes.

    What Do Good Readers Do?

    • Good readers set goals for their reading, use their background knowledge, ask questions, and make inferences.
    • Good readers use their schema to create mental images, connect to their own experiences, and make predictions.

    How Do Poor Readers Differ From Good Readers?

    • Poor readers lack awareness of strategies to enhance comprehension, read slowly, and lack fluency.
    • Poor readers often lack sufficient background knowledge and have trouble making connections with the text.

    METACOGNITION & SCHEMA (BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE)

    • Metacognition: Thinking about your thinking, combining text and thinking to engage in "real reading".
    • Schema: Background knowledge, activated when reading to create mental images, ask questions, and make inferences.

    Reading Comprehension Strategies

    • Make Connections: Connect what the reader already knows while reading to sharpen focus and deepen understanding.
    • Infer: Make educated guesses, combining information from the text with background knowledge.
    • Predictions: Make frequent predictions, stimulating thinking and encouraging pupils to make predictions at the onset of a book and at strategic points throughout.
    • Visualize: Create mental images, making the text more memorable and engaging.
    • Questions: Ask questions, focusing on the most important information and integrating information.
    • Determine Importance: Determine what's important, making decisions about what information or ideas are most critical to understanding the overall meaning.
    • Synthesize: Interweave information to form a comprehensive perspective, making the whole greater than the sum of the parts.
    • Fix-Up Strategies: Equip pupils with strategies to use when comprehension breaks down, such as stopping, re-reading, and using a highlighter.

    Creative Thinking

    • Creativity: A natural and motivating skill to develop in young learners, essential for success in the 21st Century.
    • Importance of Creativity: Creativity is a natural ability that should be nurtured and valued in the classroom.

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    Description

    This quiz assesses understanding of developing listening and speaking skills in a competence-based curriculum, focusing on language learning and communication.

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