Language and Macro Skills Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does 'communicative competence' refer to?

  • Using language correctly and appropriately (correct)
  • Just understanding a language
  • Memorizing vocabulary
  • Only knowing grammatical rules

    • According to the content, grammar and vocabulary are the only goals of a language course.

    False

    What distinguishes free morphemes from bound morphemes?

  • Free morphemes cannot have any morphemes added.
  • Bound morphemes are always plural.
  • Free morphemes can stand alone with meaning. (correct)
  • Bound morphemes can exist independently.

    • The syntax of a language deals with the meaning of individual morphemes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'communicative competence'?

    <p>Dell Hymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of a free morpheme.

    <p>ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A language course should aim for both _________ competence and communicative competence.

    <p>linguistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The grammatical morpheme that indicates the past tense is _____

    <p>–ed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of communicative competence with their definitions:

    <p>Linguistic competence = Knowledge of grammar and vocabulary Sociolinguistic competence = Understanding language use in social contexts Discourse competence = Ability to produce coherent and cohesive text Strategic competence = Use of communication strategies to overcome difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the morphemes with their function:

    <p>-ing = Present progressive -s = Regular plural -ed = Regular past tense -ful = Adjective form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of communicative competence?

    <p>Physical competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about syntax is true?

    <p>Syntax determines acceptable word combinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Effective communication skills are considered less important than grammar in language learning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a normal child acquire knowledge of according to Hymes?

    <p>Both grammatical and appropriate language usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syntax requires that every sentence must have at least a noun phrase and a verb phrase.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic meaning of the word 'syntax'?

    <p>'to join'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aspect that differentiates first language acquisition from second language learning?

    <p>First language is acquired instinctively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person can choose their first language.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'acquired' in the context of first language?

    <p>It means coming into possession of a language naturally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A second language is a language a person learns in order to communicate with the __________ of that language.

    <p>native speakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their definitions:

    <p>Acquired = To come into possession or ownership of Learned = To gain knowledge or skill by study or experience First Language = Native language or mother tongue Second Language = Language chosen for communication beyond the first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of the descriptive grammar approach?

    <p>It improves non-native speakers' pronunciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take to fully acquire a first language with 100% proficiency?

    <p>6 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding 'fewer' is correct?

    <p>It is used with count nouns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Descriptive grammar is commonly used in formal settings such as exams.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diachronic linguistics?

    <p>The historical study of language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prescriptive grammar focuses on how the language is actually used by native speakers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Second language learning is generally faster than first language acquisition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of prescriptive grammar related to the use of passive voice.

    <p>'The university held the meeting.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'first language' refer to?

    <p>The native or mother tongue of a person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of language as it exists in a specific period and region is known as _____ linguistics.

    <p>synchronic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Native speakers often say 'I ___ going nowhere' instead of correct English.

    <p>ain't</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of language with its characteristics:

    <p>Oral language = Uses more self-reference words Written language = Typically has longer sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of teaching prescriptive grammar?

    <p>It creates formal writers and resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of oral language?

    <p>It employs more pseudo quantifying terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the example statement to its corresponding grammar type:

    <p>I am younger than he. = Prescriptive Grammar I ain't going nowhere. = Descriptive Grammar He graduated from American university. = Prescriptive Grammar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synchronic studies can involve comparisons of dialects within the same language.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way in which oral language differs from written language?

    <p>Oral language has shorter sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both prescriptive and descriptive grammar aim to enforce identical language rules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'This is a beautiful, small, green, ___ island.'

    <p>American</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of introducing English in the Philippines after the Philippine-American War?

    <p>To establish an American education system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Filipino writers began producing literary works in English in the 1920s.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were American English-language teachers in the Philippines called?

    <p>Thomasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    English is one of the official languages of the __________.

    <p>Philippines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of Philippine English with their characteristics:

    <p>Pronunciation = Distinctive sounds influenced by native languages Vocabulary = Incorporation of Filipino terms into English Grammar = Adaptations from local language structures Discourse = Unique conversational styles reflecting culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the status of English in Philippine society today?

    <p>It remains integral to business, education, and media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The introduction of English to the Philippines has caused confusion in national and regional identity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one industry in the Philippines significantly driven by English proficiency?

    <p>Outsourcing industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Language

    • Language is a system of conventional symbols (spoken, written, or signed) used by humans within a social group to express themselves.
    • It involves the production and comprehension of words (spoken, written, and signed in the case of sign language).
    • Language is a complex process encompassing various psychological aspects, from basic neurological functioning to higher-level cognition.
    • Language facilitates social interaction and provides structure to human lives.
    • A precise definition of language is "a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by which a social group cooperates."

    Macro Skills

    • Language teaching encompasses four fundamental macro-skills for communication: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
    • Effective language instruction involves a balanced approach, integrating all four macro-skills rather than focusing on only one at a time.
    • Listening and speaking are categorized as oral skills.
    • Reading and writing are considered literacy skills.
    • Receptive skills encompass listening and reading, as these require processing and understanding input from others.
    • Productive skills involve speaking and writing, enabling learners to communicate their ideas.

    Communicative Competence

    • Communicative competence, a crucial aspect of language proficiency, involves the intuitive functional knowledge and control of language usage.
    • This includes not only the grammatical correctness (linguistic competence) but also the appropriate use of language in social contexts (sociolinguistic competence).
    • The term "communicative competence" was coined by Dell Hymes in response to Noam Chomsky's concept of "linguistic competence".
    • It prioritizes the ability to communicate effectively in various situations and appropriate ways.
    • Key components include: linguistic, sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic competence.

    Components of Language

    • Linguistics is the scientific study of language, its structure, and rules.
    • Language comprises five key components: form, content, and use.
    • Form is decomposed into three subcomponents: syntax, morphology, and phonology.
    • Content, also known as semantics, refers to the meaning of language.
    • Use, or pragmatics, encompasses the use of language in social contexts and situations.

    First Language vs. Second Language

    • A first language refers to a person's native language or mother tongue, acquired naturally in childhood.
    • A second language is learned later in life, often through formal instruction.
    • Acquiring a first language is significantly different from acquiring a second language.
    • First language acquisition is largely unconscious and develops rapidly, while second language acquisition typically requires more conscious effort and structured practice.

    Mother Tongue vs. Native Language

    • While often used interchangeably, mother tongue and native language have subtle differences.
    • Mother tongue usually refers to the language a person is raised with, often associated with family and home.
    • Native language usually corresponds to the language commonly spoken in the area where a person grew up, relating to the wider community.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of language and its role in communication. This quiz covers the four macro-skills essential for effective language teaching: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Understand the psychological aspects and the importance of integrating all skills for optimal language instruction.

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