30 Questions
Which type of virus is transmitted through sexual contact?
Sexually transmitted
Which type of virus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route?
Enteric
Which type of virus is transmitted through vector organisms like arthropods?
Zoonotic
What is the approximate diameter of the smallest viruses?
10 nanometer
What is the general strategy for phage replication in a productive infection?
New viral particles are produced
Which step of the animal virus replication cycle involves the binding of virus attachment proteins to receptors on the host cell surface?
Synthesis
During viral replication, which event involves the expression of viral genes to produce viral structural and catalytic genes?
Synthesis
Which replication strategy is used by RNA viruses?
RNA-directed RNA polymerase
Which step of the animal virus replication cycle involves the separation of nucleic acid from the protein coat?
Entry and Uncoating
Which type of virus can infect multiple species?
Reverse transcribing viruses
Which type of infection occurs when a prophage is excised by a phage-encoded enzyme?
Lytic infection
What can induce the excision of a prophage from a lysogen?
Ultraviolet light
Which protease is activated by the SOS repair system during phage induction?
Protease RecA
What is the consequence of lysogeny in terms of superinfection?
Immunity to superinfection
Which type of phage infection causes infected cells to slowly die?
Filamentous phage infection
Which of the following is true about viruses?
Viruses require live organisms as hosts
What is the composition of a virion?
Nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid
Which of the following is true about viral taxonomy?
Viral taxonomy includes eight principal ranks
What is the main characteristic used to classify viruses?
Genome structure
Which of the following routes can zoonotic viruses use to infect humans?
All of the above
Which enzyme is required for the replication of RNA viruses?
RNA polymerase
What is the role of the (+) strand in the replication of RNA viruses?
It is used as a template for synthesizing new (-) RNA strands
Which type of viruses carry RNRP to synthesize the (+) strand?
dsRNA viruses
What is the mechanism for variation in viruses that involves accumulation of mutations in genes coding for antibody-binding sites?
Antigenic drift
Which surface protein enables viral release from the cell?
Neuraminidase
Which scientist(s) determined that tobacco mosaic disease was caused by a 'filterable virus' too small to be seen with a light microscope?
D. M. Iwanowsky and Martinus Beijerinck
What is the term used to describe microorganisms that were identified as infectious agents?
Filterable virus
What was the year when tobacco mosaic disease was first identified?
1890s
What did the scientists use to determine that the infectious agent causing tobacco mosaic disease was too small to be seen with a light microscope?
Filters for bacteria
Who authored the textbook 'Nester's Microbiology A Human Perspective, Tenth Edition'?
Denise Anderson, Sarah Salm, Mira Beins
Test your knowledge on lysogenic infection and the process of phage induction with this quiz. Learn about the role of prophages, DNA-damaging agents, and the switch from latency to lytic cycle.
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