Lysogenic Infection and Phage Induction Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of virus is transmitted through sexual contact?

  • Respiratory
  • Zoonotic
  • Enteric
  • Sexually transmitted (correct)

Which type of virus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route?

  • Zoonotic
  • Sexually transmitted
  • Enteric (correct)
  • Respiratory

Which type of virus is transmitted through vector organisms like arthropods?

  • Sexually transmitted
  • Zoonotic (correct)
  • Respiratory
  • Enteric

What is the approximate diameter of the smallest viruses?

<p>10 nanometer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general strategy for phage replication in a productive infection?

<p>New viral particles are produced (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step of the animal virus replication cycle involves the binding of virus attachment proteins to receptors on the host cell surface?

<p>Synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During viral replication, which event involves the expression of viral genes to produce viral structural and catalytic genes?

<p>Synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which replication strategy is used by RNA viruses?

<p>RNA-directed RNA polymerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step of the animal virus replication cycle involves the separation of nucleic acid from the protein coat?

<p>Entry and Uncoating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of virus can infect multiple species?

<p>Reverse transcribing viruses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection occurs when a prophage is excised by a phage-encoded enzyme?

<p>Lytic infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can induce the excision of a prophage from a lysogen?

<p>Ultraviolet light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protease is activated by the SOS repair system during phage induction?

<p>Protease RecA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of lysogeny in terms of superinfection?

<p>Immunity to superinfection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of phage infection causes infected cells to slowly die?

<p>Filamentous phage infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about viruses?

<p>Viruses require live organisms as hosts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of a virion?

<p>Nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about viral taxonomy?

<p>Viral taxonomy includes eight principal ranks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic used to classify viruses?

<p>Genome structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following routes can zoonotic viruses use to infect humans?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is required for the replication of RNA viruses?

<p>RNA polymerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the (+) strand in the replication of RNA viruses?

<p>It is used as a template for synthesizing new (-) RNA strands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viruses carry RNRP to synthesize the (+) strand?

<p>dsRNA viruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism for variation in viruses that involves accumulation of mutations in genes coding for antibody-binding sites?

<p>Antigenic drift (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which surface protein enables viral release from the cell?

<p>Neuraminidase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist(s) determined that tobacco mosaic disease was caused by a 'filterable virus' too small to be seen with a light microscope?

<p>D. M. Iwanowsky and Martinus Beijerinck (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe microorganisms that were identified as infectious agents?

<p>Filterable virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the year when tobacco mosaic disease was first identified?

<p>1890s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the scientists use to determine that the infectious agent causing tobacco mosaic disease was too small to be seen with a light microscope?

<p>Filters for bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who authored the textbook 'Nester's Microbiology A Human Perspective, Tenth Edition'?

<p>Denise Anderson, Sarah Salm, Mira Beins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sexually transmitted virus

A type of virus transmitted through sexual contact.

Enteric virus

A type of virus transmitted through the fecal-oral route.

Zoonotic virus

A virus transmitted through vector organisms like arthropods.

Smallest viruses diameter

The approximate diameter of the smallest viruses is 10 nanometers.

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Phage replication strategy

New viral particles are produced during a productive infection.

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Synthesis step in animal virus replication

The binding of virus attachment proteins to receptors on the host cell surface occurs.

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Viral gene expression event

Involves the expression of viral genes to produce structural and catalytic proteins during synthesis.

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RNA virus replication

RNA viruses use RNA-directed RNA polymerase for replication.

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Entry and Uncoating

The step where nucleic acid is separated from the protein coat in a virus.

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Reverse transcribing viruses

A type of virus that can infect multiple species.

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Lytic infection

Occurs when a prophage is excised by a phage-encoded enzyme.

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Inducers of prophage excision

Ultraviolet light can induce the excision of a prophage from a lysogen.

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Protease RecA

The protease activated by the SOS repair system during phage induction.

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Lysogeny consequence

Immunity to superinfection is a consequence of lysogeny.

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Filamentous phage infection

Type of phage infection that causes infected cells to slowly die.

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Viruses and hosts

Viruses require live organisms as hosts for replication.

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Composition of a virion

A virion consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a capsid.

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Viral taxonomy

Viral taxonomy includes eight principal ranks.

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Virus classification characteristic

The main characteristic to classify viruses is genome structure.

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Zoonotic transmission routes

Zoonotic viruses can use multiple routes to infect humans.

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RNA virus replication enzyme

RNA polymerase is required for RNA viruses' replication.

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(+) strand role in RNA viruses

The (+) strand acts as a template for synthesizing new (-) RNA strands.

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dsRNA viruses

dsRNA viruses carry RNA-directed RNA polymerase to synthesize the (+) strand.

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Antigenic drift mechanism

Accumulation of mutations in genes coding for antibody-binding sites describes antigenic drift.

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Viral release mechanism

Neuraminidase is the surface protein that enables viral release from the cell.

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Discovery of tobacco mosaic disease

D. M. Iwanowsky and Martinus Beijerinck identified it as a 'filterable virus'.

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Filterable virus

Term for microorganisms identified as infectious agents.

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Tobacco mosaic disease identification

Tobacco mosaic disease was first identified in the 1890s.

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Bacteria filters use

Filters for bacteria were used to determine the infectious agent for tobacco mosaic disease.

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Textbook authors

Denise Anderson, Sarah Salm, and Mira Beins authored 'Nester's Microbiology A Human Perspective, Tenth Edition'.

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