30 Questions
Where are follicular dendritic cells found?
B cell follicles
What is the main function of B cells in an immune response?
Production of antibodies
Which cells engulf microorganisms and present antigens to lymphocytes?
Macrophages
What is the main difference between reticular cells and epithelial reticular cells?
Reticular cells synthesize reticular fibers, while epithelial reticular cells form stroma.
Where are interdigitating dendritic cells found?
Lymph nodes, medulla of thymus, and spleen
Which lymphoid organs do not have reticular cells?
Thymus and cloacal bursa
What are the immunologic attributes possessed by lymphocytes?
Specificity, diversity, memory, and self/non-self recognition
What is the function of primary lymphoid organs?
They provide sites where lymphocytes mature and become antigenically committed.
Why are lymph nodes considered the immune system's first line of defense?
They protect against bacteria or viruses, acting as filters for lymph to remove pathogens before returning it to the bloodstream.
How do secondary lymphoid organs contribute to the immune response?
They capture antigens and provide sites for lymphocytes to become activated by interacting with antigens.
What are the main cellular components found within lymph nodes?
Lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
What distinguishes lymph nodes from other lymphatic organs in terms of vessels?
Lymph nodes are the only lymphatic organ with both afferent and efferent lymph vessels and sinuses.
Describe the structure of the red pulp in the spleen.
The red pulp is composed of elongated structures called splenic cords that lie between sinuses.
What are the two main components of the spleen that play a role in blood circulation?
White pulp and red pulp
How does blood leave the spleen?
Blood leaves the spleen through the splenic vein at the hilus.
What distinguishes the white pulp in the spleen from the red pulp?
The white pulp contains central arteries and lymphoid tissue, while the red pulp contains splenic cords and sinuses.
Explain the difference between open and closed blood circulation in the spleen.
Open circulation involves blood percolating through tissue and then collecting into sinuses, while closed circulation involves direct connections between arterioles and venules via sinuses.
What are the main arteries involved in supplying blood to the white pulp of the spleen?
Central arteries
What is the name of the lymphatic tissue distributed throughout the spleen?
White pulp
What cells are proliferating in the pale-staining germinal center of a lymphoid follicle in the spleen?
B cells
What is the identifying characteristic of the central artery found in the white pulp of the spleen?
Lymphocytes aggregated around it in a cylindrical fashion
What fills the spaces in the reticular mesh of lymphatic nodules in the spleen?
B lymphocytes and macrophages
What kind of cells line the venous splenic sinuses?
Extremely long endothelial cells
What is the composition of the red pulp in the spleen?
Smooth muscle cells or myofibroblasts
What is the structure of a lymph node?
Lymph nodes are surrounded by a capsule composed primarily of dense irregular connective tissue.
What are trabeculae in a lymph node responsible for?
Trabeculae provide support for the entire node, carry blood vessels and nerves, and are surrounded by sinuses.
Describe the composition of the stroma of a lymph node.
The stroma is composed of reticular cells and fibers that support lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells.
What cell types are found in the outer cortex layer of a lymph node?
The outer cortex layer contains lymphocytes (mostly B cells), macrophages, and follicular dendritic cells.
What happens to primary follicles in the lymph node after an antigenic challenge?
After antigenic challenge, the primary follicles enlarge into secondary follicles, each containing a germinal center.
What is the inner cortex (paracortex) of a lymph node?
The inner cortex is the region between the outer cortex and the medulla that is free of nodules.
Test your knowledge on the different types of cells in lymphoid organs, including reticular cells and epithelial reticular cells. Learn about the role of Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) in the immune system.
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