Lymphoid Organs and Circulation of Lymphocytes
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Questions and Answers

What is the specialized integral membrane protein complex on cell surfaces that bind antigens recognized by lymphocytes?

  • Antibody
  • Glycoprotein
  • Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) (correct)
  • Transcription Factor
  • Which type of protein plays a crucial role in the immune rejection of grafted tissue or organs?

  • MHC class I (correct)
  • Enzyme
  • Receptor
  • Ribosome
  • What are the human cell counterparts of MHC class I and class II proteins often called?

  • Kinases
  • Hormones
  • Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) (correct)
  • Immunoglobulins
  • What do T lymphocytes recognize on MHC proteins?

    <p>Epitopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are MHC molecules synthesized before they leave the cell?

    <p>Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the MHCs on cells of a tissue graft are not similar to those encountered by T lymphocytes during development?

    <p>Strong immune reaction is induced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do T lymphocytes consider unfamiliar MHC epitopes on graft cells as?

    <p>&quot;Non-self&quot; markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelles are involved in the production of MHC class I proteins?

    <p>Golgi Apparatus and Rough ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do MHC class I proteins undergo before leaving the ER?

    <p>Sites with various proteasome-derived peptide fragments bind to MHC class I proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of T lymphocytes towards cells with unfamiliar MHC epitopes on tissue grafts?

    <p>Eliminate them as potentially tumorigenic, infected, or abnormal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells display MHC class I molecules presenting self-antigens?

    <p>All nucleated cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are MHC class II proteins synthesized and transported to the cell surface?

    <p>Mononuclear phagocyte system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MHC class II proteins in antigen presentation?

    <p>Signal T lymphocytes against pathogenic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rejection occurs in homografts (allografts)?

    <p>Immunological rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of graft involves identical twins?

    <p>Isografts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are considered 'professional' antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

    <p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What induces the transient expression of MHC class II on certain local cells during inflammation?

    <p>Interferon-γ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do progenitors of B lymphocytes mature and differentiate further?

    <p>Bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of stem cells in adults for all lymphocytes?

    <p>Red bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of helper T cells?

    <p>Activate B cells into plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surface proteins are involved in activating different responses to antigens for B and T cells?

    <p>CD4 and CD8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cytotoxic T cells recognize antigens on foreign or virus-infected cells?

    <p>Via interaction with MHC class I molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of fibroblastic reticular cells in lymphoid tissue?

    <p>Produce reticulin fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lymphocytes bind antigens directly?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) when activated?

    <p>Kill foreign or virus-infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lymphocytes are characterized by the presence of CD8?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of fibrous reticulin fibers in lymphoid tissue?

    <p>Support lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do T lymphocytes recognize antigenic epitopes?

    <p>Via surface protein complexes T-cell receptors (TCRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of naive lymphocytes in newborn infants?

    <p>Recognize antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells release perforins and granzymes to trigger apoptosis?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Regulatory T cells (Tregs)?

    <p>Inhibiting specific immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T lymphocytes contain γ (gamma) and δ (delta) chains in their TCRs?

    <p>γδ T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do γδ T cells primarily migrate to in the body?

    <p>Epidermis and mucosal epithelia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to B cells when BCRs bind an antigen?

    <p>Endocytosis of the antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates several cycles of cell proliferation in B lymphocytes?

    <p>Cytokines from helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells have long filamentous processes and interact with B lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissues?

    <p>Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes secondary nodules in secondary lymphoid tissues?

    <p>Presence of large lymphoblasts in germinal center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasma cells derived from activated B cells?

    <p>Secrete antibodies that bind specific epitopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are memory B cells different from plasma cells?

    <p>Memory B cells are long-lived and responsible for rapid antibody production upon reinfection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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