Term 1 Biomedical Sciences Quiz 3

• Lymph circulation is facilitated by contraction of adjacent muscles and the pulsation of large arteries, changes in thoracic pressure, and gravity/skeletal muscle contraction, though not by the beating of the heart and gravity.
• Lymphatic capillaries are blind-ended and not in direct communication with blood capillaries, thick-walled, or equipped with valves.
• Lymphatics have thinner walls than large veins.
• Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue is associated with the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, but not arm-pits or the spleen.
• As lymph flows through lymph nodes, reticular fibers filter debris; plasma and mature T cells are added; and foreign substances are destroyed. White blood cells are also made
• A lymph node is a capsule in a lymph vessel filled with B cells and T cells.
• Filtering metabolic wastes isn't a function of the lymphatic system. Other functions include transporting absorbed fats from the intestine to the blood, providing immunological defenses and transporting interstitial fluid back to the bloodstream
• The diagram of a neuron and the different components of the brain are partially correct.
• The peripheral nervous system is divided into sensory and motor divisions.
• Stages of the neural impulse are resting neuron, excitatory stimulus, sodium channels open, sodium ions entering the neuron, potassium channels open, potassium ions leaving the neuron, and recharging phase.
• A nerve impulse running TO the brain and CNS is known as Afferent.
• A nerve impulse running FROM the brain and CNS is known as Efferent.
• The spinal cord is 45cm long.
• There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves.
• Key neuron features include axons, dendrites, and Schwann cells.
• The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.
• Neurons have the properties of irritability and conductivity but not contractibility or resistivity.
• Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption, while antidiuretic hormone does not decrease water reabsorption.
• Calcitonin lowers blood calcium and parathormone raises blood calcium.
• The kidney contains more than 2,000 nephrons.

Urinary System

• The urinary system is one of the body's excretory systems.
• Foreign substances are not destroyed in the glomerulus capsule as blood flows through it.
• The kidney forms urine, produces erythropoietin, excretes waste products, but does not produce white blood cells.
• Adrenal gland isn't part of the urinary system.
• The capsule walls of a nephron aren't lined with ciliated epithelium.
• Chemical digestion is not involved in urine formation.

Papillae

• Filiform and fungiform papillae are located on the front of the tongue.
• Foliate papillae are on the lateral surface.
• Circumvallate papillae are at the back of the tongue.

Sensory Receptors

• Olfactory receptors are located in the nasal cavity embedded in the olfactory bone.
• The tragus in the ear directs sounds into the inner ear.
• Cilia in the nasal cavity are small nasal hairs.
• The auditory nerve supplies the ear.
• The pupil controls the amount of light entering the eye.
• Tears prevent dryness, protect from irritants, wash away foreign bodies, and transport oxygen/nutrients to surface cells.
• Bitter taste receptors are found at the back of the tongue.
• Five taste receptors present in the mouth: salty, sour, bitter, sweet, and umami.

Skin

• Subcutaneous, hypodermis, derma, and epidermis are the 4 layers of skin.
• Olfactory receptors are located in the nasal cavity in the olfactory epithelium.
• Glomerular filtrate doesn't include blood cells.