Questions and Answers
What four structures comprise the lymphatic system?
Lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphoid organs and lymphoid tissue
What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?
Return fluid to the bloodstream, absorbs fat and fat soluble vitamins from the intestines, and defends the body against disease
A clear fluid that resembles plasma is known as _____.
Lymph
Lymph is made up of what four components?
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Approximately _____ liters of lymph filter through from the interstitium each day.
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True or False: Lymph is returned to the venous blood.
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If the lymphatic system did not return fluid to the blood stream, _____ would result.
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The thoracic duct is dumped into the (right/______) subclavian.
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True or False: the distribution of lymphatic vessels is similar to that of the arteries.
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Lymphatic _____ contain pores and valves.
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Lymphatic capillaries drain into larger vessels that eventually drain into the venous system at the junction of the _____ and the _____ on either side.
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The _____ duct drains ¾ of the body's lymph.
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The majority of the body's lymph is drained from the _____ side.
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The remaining lymph is drained from the ______ of the body.
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What three mechanisms contribute to the movement of lymph through the body?
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Multiple _____ are present in the lymph vessels to prevent the backflow of lymph fluid.
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True or False: once the fluid from the right side of the body is dumped into the right subclavian vein, it is no longer lymph fluid, it is blood.
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True or False: swollen, tender lymph nodes mean that the lymph is active.
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Swollen lymph nodes that present with no tenderness upon palpation may indicate what pathology is present?
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Small pea shaped patches of lymphatic tissue which filter lymph as it flows through the vessels are called ______.
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Lymph nodes appear in clusters in which three regions of the body?
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Lymph nodes consist of lymph _______ and lymph ______.
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_____ vessels carry lymph toward the lymph node.
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_____ vessels carry lymph away from the lymph node.
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True or False: lymph nodes range in size from the head of a pin to a bean.
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Lymph nodes are encapsulated with fibers inside that contain clusters of ______ which act as a filter.
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These cells inside a lymph node eat the bad stuff filtering through the lymph node.
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The _____ gland is located in the upper mediastinum.
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The thymus gland is involved in the development of the ________ before birth and shortly after birth.
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The thymus secretes _____ that promote the proliferation and maturation of T-cells in lymphoid tissue.
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The ______ is responsible for the development and maturation of the immune system.
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This is the largest of the lymphoid organs.
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The function of the spleen is to filter and clean the _____.
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Which two tissue types make up the spleen?
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Lymphoid tissue surrounding the blood vessels is called ______.
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Blood-filled venous sinuses that also contain lymphocytes and macrophages are called _____
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Besides filtering and cleaning the blood, list four other functions for which the spleen is responsible.
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Lymphoid tissue reaches peak development at _____.
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True or False: The lymphoid tissue gradually increases in size once you hit puberty.
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True or False: The thymus gland involutes (shrinks) with age.
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As you age, thymus gland tissue is replaced with _____ tissue.
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As you age thymosins decrease in production resulting in (increased/______) defense mechanisms with age.
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The lymphatic nodule of the spleen would be located in which tissue type?
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True or False: by the end of the lymphatic cycle, lymph fluid has been cleaned several times.
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True or False: Lymphatic capillaries have more and larger pores than regular capillaries.
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True or False: lymphatics start blindly at the tissue space.
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Study Notes
Structures of the Lymphatic System
- Composed of lymph, lymphatic vessels, lymphoid organs, and lymphoid tissue.
Functions of the Lymphatic System
- Returns fluid to the bloodstream.
- Absorbs fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the intestines.
- Defends the body against disease.
Lymph Composition
- Clear fluid resembling plasma, referred to as lymph.
- Made up of water, electrolytes, waste products, and proteins.
Lymphatic System Facts
- Approximately 20 liters of lymph filter through from the interstitium daily.
- Lymph is returned to venous blood.
- Failure to return fluid leads to edema.
Thoracic Duct
- Drains into the left subclavian vein.
- Responsible for draining ¾ of the body's lymph.
Lymph Drainage
- The left side of the body drains the majority of lymph.
- The right upper quadrant drains the remaining lymph.
Mechanisms of Lymph Movement
- Movement facilitated by contraction of skeletal muscles.
- Changes in intrathoracic pressure aid lymph transport.
- Smooth muscle contraction/relaxation in lymphatic vessel walls supports movement.
Lymphatic Vessels
- Equipped with valves to prevent backflow of lymph fluid.
Lymph Nodes
- Swollen, tender lymph nodes indicate active lymphatic engagement.
- Non-tender swollen lymph nodes may indicate the presence of cancer.
- Composed of lymph nodules and lymph sinuses.
- Afferent vessels carry lymph toward nodes; efferent vessels carry it away.
Lymph Node Anatomy
- Clusters found in the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions.
- Contains lymphocytes, which filter lymph through microstructures.
Thymus Gland
- Located in the upper mediastinum, essential for immune system development.
- Secretes thymosins that promote the maturation of T-cells in lymphoid tissue.
- Responsible for immune system development during early life.
Spleen Functions
- Largest lymphoid organ, filters and cleans blood.
- Composed of white pulp (lymphoid tissue surrounding blood vessels) and red pulp (blood-filled venous sinuses).
- Additional functions include blood storage, destruction of old red blood cells, erythropoiesis before birth, and lymphocyte production.
Lymphoid Tissue Development
- Peaks at puberty, then gradually decreases in size.
- Thymus involutes over time, replaced by connective tissue with age.
- Decrease in thymosins production correlates with reduced defense mechanisms in older individuals.
Lymphatic Cycle
- Lymph fluid undergoes multiple cleansing cycles before returning to bloodstream.
- Lymphatic capillaries possess larger pores than regular capillaries.
- Lymphatics initiate blindly at tissue spaces.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the lymphatic system with these flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts such as the structures comprising the lymphatic system and its main functions. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of this essential body system.
