Podcast
Questions and Answers
What sound is heard during percussion of a normal lung?
What sound is heard during percussion of a normal lung?
What condition is likely indicated by dull sounds during percussion?
What condition is likely indicated by dull sounds during percussion?
Which method uses a stethoscope to examine lung sounds?
Which method uses a stethoscope to examine lung sounds?
What type of lung sounds are predominantly heard in pathological processes?
What type of lung sounds are predominantly heard in pathological processes?
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What causes hyper resonant sounds during percussion?
What causes hyper resonant sounds during percussion?
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Which of the following is NOT a technique used in the lung physical exam?
Which of the following is NOT a technique used in the lung physical exam?
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What sound would be expected when tapping on the thorax of a patient with emphysema?
What sound would be expected when tapping on the thorax of a patient with emphysema?
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What type of breath sounds are considered normal?
What type of breath sounds are considered normal?
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What does pectoriloquy indicate when abnormal sounds are heard through the chest?
What does pectoriloquy indicate when abnormal sounds are heard through the chest?
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Which type of pectoriloquy is characterized by the patient saying '99' in a soft whispered voice?
Which type of pectoriloquy is characterized by the patient saying '99' in a soft whispered voice?
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What is the abnormality detected during egophony?
What is the abnormality detected during egophony?
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Which condition is primarily associated with increased fremitus?
Which condition is primarily associated with increased fremitus?
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What finding is associated with decreased fremitus?
What finding is associated with decreased fremitus?
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What physical exam finding indicates the presence of nail clubbing?
What physical exam finding indicates the presence of nail clubbing?
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Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with nail clubbing?
Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with nail clubbing?
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What is the primary method used to detect fremitus during a physical examination?
What is the primary method used to detect fremitus during a physical examination?
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What causes the abnormal lung sounds associated with pectoriloquy findings?
What causes the abnormal lung sounds associated with pectoriloquy findings?
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In the context of lung examination, what does 'bronchophony' refer to?
In the context of lung examination, what does 'bronchophony' refer to?
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What does the presence of decreased breath sounds over the right upper lobe indicate?
What does the presence of decreased breath sounds over the right upper lobe indicate?
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What are rales commonly referred to as?
What are rales commonly referred to as?
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In which condition are rales most typically heard?
In which condition are rales most typically heard?
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What is the main cause of wheezes during an asthma attack?
What is the main cause of wheezes during an asthma attack?
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What characterizes rhonchi in terms of their sound?
What characterizes rhonchi in terms of their sound?
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Where are bronchial breath sounds typically heard?
Where are bronchial breath sounds typically heard?
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What differentiates stridor from other wheezes?
What differentiates stridor from other wheezes?
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Which condition can cause localized wheezing in one lobe of the lung?
Which condition can cause localized wheezing in one lobe of the lung?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with cardiac asthma?
Which of the following conditions is associated with cardiac asthma?
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What is typically heard with pectoriloquy during auscultation?
What is typically heard with pectoriloquy during auscultation?
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What kind of lung sounds are associated with pulmonary edema?
What kind of lung sounds are associated with pulmonary edema?
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In which lung condition might you hear an inspiratory wheeze that primarily occurs in children?
In which lung condition might you hear an inspiratory wheeze that primarily occurs in children?
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Which of the following conditions can result in bronchial breath sounds?
Which of the following conditions can result in bronchial breath sounds?
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What characterizes a wheeze during an asthma attack?
What characterizes a wheeze during an asthma attack?
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The first method to examine the lung is through ______.
The first method to examine the lung is through ______.
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Abnormal findings to percussion can include dull or ______ sounds.
Abnormal findings to percussion can include dull or ______ sounds.
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Normal breath sounds during auscultation are described as ______.
Normal breath sounds during auscultation are described as ______.
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Dull sounds to percussion suggest ______ or consolidation in the lungs.
Dull sounds to percussion suggest ______ or consolidation in the lungs.
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Hyper resonant sounds are often a sign of air being ______.
Hyper resonant sounds are often a sign of air being ______.
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Auscultation is done by placing a ______ against the patient's back.
Auscultation is done by placing a ______ against the patient's back.
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During a normal percussion exam, sounds are described as ______.
During a normal percussion exam, sounds are described as ______.
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The sounds heard during percussion are affected by whether the space around the lungs is filled with ______ or air.
The sounds heard during percussion are affected by whether the space around the lungs is filled with ______ or air.
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Pectoriloquy indicates that sounds can be heard over the chest through the ______.
Pectoriloquy indicates that sounds can be heard over the chest through the ______.
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In bronchophony, voice sounds are louder and clearer when listening to the patient's chest with a ______.
In bronchophony, voice sounds are louder and clearer when listening to the patient's chest with a ______.
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Whisper pectoriloquy involves asking the patient to say ______ in a very soft whispered voice.
Whisper pectoriloquy involves asking the patient to say ______ in a very soft whispered voice.
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Egophony is when the patient says ______ and it sounds like an Aaaaay if there is an abnormality in the lungs.
Egophony is when the patient says ______ and it sounds like an Aaaaay if there is an abnormality in the lungs.
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Increased fremitus occurs when there is ______ in the lung tissue.
Increased fremitus occurs when there is ______ in the lung tissue.
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Decreased fremitus is often caused by conditions such as ______, pneumothorax, and atelectasis.
Decreased fremitus is often caused by conditions such as ______, pneumothorax, and atelectasis.
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Nail clubbing is associated with various pulmonary diseases, including ______ and cystic fibrosis.
Nail clubbing is associated with various pulmonary diseases, including ______ and cystic fibrosis.
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Patients with clubbing show a nail bed that bulges out instead of having a gentle downward ______.
Patients with clubbing show a nail bed that bulges out instead of having a gentle downward ______.
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The presence of abnormal pectoriloquy findings often indicates that there is ______ in the lungs.
The presence of abnormal pectoriloquy findings often indicates that there is ______ in the lungs.
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In pneumonia, the inflamed lung tissue leads to ______ fremitus compared to normal lung tissue.
In pneumonia, the inflamed lung tissue leads to ______ fremitus compared to normal lung tissue.
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Decreased breath sounds over the right upper lobe indicate some type of ______ process in that area.
Decreased breath sounds over the right upper lobe indicate some type of ______ process in that area.
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Abnormal lung sounds are referred to as ______ lung sounds.
Abnormal lung sounds are referred to as ______ lung sounds.
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Rales are also known as ______ due to the sound they produce.
Rales are also known as ______ due to the sound they produce.
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One common cause of rales is ______ edema, which causes fluid accumulation in the lungs.
One common cause of rales is ______ edema, which causes fluid accumulation in the lungs.
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Wheezes typically occur when air flows through narrowed ______.
Wheezes typically occur when air flows through narrowed ______.
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A classic cause of wheezing is ______, often seen during exacerbations.
A classic cause of wheezing is ______, often seen during exacerbations.
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Rhonchi sound coarse due to the presence of ______ in the large airways.
Rhonchi sound coarse due to the presence of ______ in the large airways.
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Bronchial breath sounds are often associated with ______ that has consolidation.
Bronchial breath sounds are often associated with ______ that has consolidation.
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Stridor indicates partial obstruction of the ______ or trachea.
Stridor indicates partial obstruction of the ______ or trachea.
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A classic cause of stridor in children is ______, usually a viral infection.
A classic cause of stridor in children is ______, usually a viral infection.
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Epiglottitis can cause stridor and is a serious condition often related to ______ infection.
Epiglottitis can cause stridor and is a serious condition often related to ______ infection.
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When patients speak, you should not be able to hear them clearly during ______.
When patients speak, you should not be able to hear them clearly during ______.
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In addition to rales, patients with pneumonia may also exhibit ______ breath sounds.
In addition to rales, patients with pneumonia may also exhibit ______ breath sounds.
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Wheezes can be either ______ or expiratory and indicate airway obstruction.
Wheezes can be either ______ or expiratory and indicate airway obstruction.
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Localized wheezing may indicate an ______ to airflow, such as from a tumor.
Localized wheezing may indicate an ______ to airflow, such as from a tumor.
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Study Notes
Lung Physical Exam
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Exam Techniques: Lung exams use percussion, auscultation, and special techniques like fremitus and pectoriloquy.
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Percussion: Used to assess lung sounds by tapping on the chest wall.
- Resonant sounds: Normal; sound like tapping on an empty barrel, indicating air-filled lungs.
- Dull sounds: Abnormal; sound like tapping on a liquid-filled barrel. Indicates fluid in or around the lungs (pleural effusion, pneumonia consolidation).
- Hyperresonant sounds: Abnormal; abnormally resonant, more resonant than normal. Indicates trapped air in the chest (pneumothorax, emphysema).
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Auscultation: Listening to lung sounds with a stethoscope.
- Normal Breath Sounds (Vesicular): The expected sound during breathing; not detailed but is the baseline for comparison to abnormal findings.
- Decreased Breath Sounds: Abnormal; indicate a pathologic process in the affected lung area.
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Abnormal Breath Sounds (Adventitious): Sounds not normally heard.
- Rales (Crackles): Popping or crackling sounds, usually on inspiration. Caused by small airways popping open. Common locations include pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and interstitial fibrosis, with location often relating to fluid distribution due to gravity.
- Wheezes: Whistling or musical sounds, usually on expiration. Caused by narrowed airways. Common causes include asthma, heart failure (cardiac asthma), chronic bronchitis, and rarely, tumors. Localized wheezing to one lobe suggests potential tumor.
- Rhonchi: Coarse, rattling sounds, usually on both inspiration and expiration. Caused by secretions in larger airways; common in COPD exacerbations.
- Bronchial Breath Sounds: High-pitched, hollow sounds, like air flowing through a tube. Longer expiratory phase; commonly found in pneumonia with consolidation.
- Stridor: A high-pitched, inspiratory wheeze, loudest over the neck. Indicates a partial obstruction of the larynx or trachea; usually a sign of impending respiratory dysfunction. Causes include laryngotracheitis (croup), epiglottitis, retropharyngeal abscess, and diphtheria.
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Pectoriloquy: Abnormal findings where voice sounds are audible through the stethoscope.
- Bronchophony: Increased loudness and clarity of voice sounds.
- Whispered Pectoriloquy: Increased clarity and loudness of whispered sounds.
- Egophony: Change in voice sounds; "E" sounds like "A".
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Fremitus: Palpable vibrations transmitted through the chest.
- Increased Fremitus: Indicates thickening of lung tissue, frequently associated with pneumonia.
- Decreased Fremitus: Indicates obstructions to the transmission of vibrations; common in pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and atelectasis.
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Nail Clubbing: Abnormal rounding of the nail bed. Associated with several pulmonary diseases, including bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, lung tumors, pulmonary fibrosis, and cyanotic congenital heart disease.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential techniques used in lung physical examinations, including percussion and auscultation. Participants will learn to differentiate between normal and abnormal lung sounds and how to interpret these findings. Test your knowledge on the classifications of lung sounds and their clinical significance.
