Lung Biopsy Procedure Overview

Lung Biopsy Procedure Overview

• Involves removing a small lung tissue sample for diagnosis.
• Used to diagnose various lung conditions, including cancer, tuberculosis, interstitial lung disease, and sarcoidosis.
• May be recommended after abnormal chest X-rays or CT scans.
• Determines if a mass is malignant (cancerous) or benign (non-cancerous).
• Helps determine cancer stage and guide treatment in cancerous cases.
• Can diagnose non-cancerous conditions like infections or fluid buildup.
• Procedure can take up to an hour and may require a bronchoscope inserted through nose or mouth.

Preparation for Lung Biopsy

• Preparation varies based on the biopsy type and specific instructions given by healthcare professionals.
• Some procedures require fasting.
• Patients must disclose all medications. Doctor will advise on medication continuation.
• Pregnancy may preclude certain procedures due to potential radiation exposure.
• Allergies and other medical conditions must be disclosed.
• Reliable transportation home is essential, especially if sedation is used.

Lung Biopsy Recovery

• Recovery time varies based on biopsy type and any complications.
• General anesthesia may require a hospital stay.
• Local anesthesia may allow for immediate release after vital signs are stable.
• Post-procedure scans may be performed to monitor for complications.
• Rest and avoidance of physical exertion for several days.
• Recovery is longer after thoracic surgery (open biopsy).
• Follow-up appointments are required to discuss results.

Risks Associated with Lung Biopsy

• Needle Biopsy: Increased risk of a collapsed lung (pneumothorax) due to air leakage. Post-procedure X-ray is used to check for pneumothorax.

• Bronchoscopy: Sore throat is a potential side effect, managed with salt water gargling or throat lozenges.

• Needle Biopsy Site: Tenderness or soreness are common for a few days, and bandages must be kept clean.

• Open Lung Biopsy: Higher risk of hospitalization for several days. Risks depend on the amount of tissue removed. Discuss surgical risks with the doctor.

• Additional Risks:

  • Dental damage
  • Blood pressure changes
  • Chest infection
  • Shoulder pain
  • Bleeding
  • Blood clots
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Cardiac events (heart attack or stroke)
  • Inability to drink (IV fluids may be necessary) after an open lung biopsy.

Immediate Action Required

• Serious chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, fever require immediate medical attention.

Benefits of Lung Biopsy

• Generally safe and effective for diagnosis and treatment guidance.
• Recovery time is relatively short for some procedures.
• Needle biopsies are effective for tissue sampling and growth diagnosis.
• Only recommended when benefits outweigh risks.
• May not be appropriate for smaller lung nodules

Summary of Lung Biopsy

• Lung biopsy is a diagnostic procedure extracting lung tissue.
• Used for conditions like lung cancer, but also tuberculosis and interstitial lung disease.
• Different techniques exist, each with specific preparation requirements.
• General safety, but potential complications requiring hospitalisation.