MIDTERM CARDIOVASCULAR
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Questions and Answers

What does an induration of 10mm or more in a Montoux Test indicate?

  • Exposure to any type of bacteria
  • Indicates a lung cancer diagnosis
  • No exposure to tuberculosis
  • Positive exposure to Mycobacterium tubercle (correct)
  • What is the purpose of conducting a transbronchoscopic biopsy?

  • To determine the flow of air during breathing
  • To examine the bronchial tree for malignancy (correct)
  • To assess lung capacity
  • To evaluate exposure to Mycobacterium
  • Which of the following describes vital capacity in pulmonary function tests?

  • Maximum volume of air after exhalation (correct)
  • Maximum volume of air inhaled
  • Volume of air exhaled after normal breathing
  • Volume of air exchanged in tidal breathing
  • What is required during a chest X-ray procedure concerning metallic objects?

    <p>All metallic objects must be removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal tidal volume during breathing?

    <p>500mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surgical procedure is performed to correct a deviation in the nasal septum?

    <p>Septoplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a clinical manifestation of nasal polyps?

    <p>Nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pharyngitis is characterized by inflammation due to a viral infection?

    <p>Viral pharyngitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following clinical manifestations is associated with sinus infections or sinusitis?

    <p>Postnasal drip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering pancreatic enzymes with meals and snacks in medical management?

    <p>To improve digestive enzyme deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of acute laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) in toddlers?

    <p>Inspiratory stridor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic evaluation method is NOT typically used for diagnosing acute LTB?

    <p>Electrocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an appropriate medical management strategy for treating acute LTB?

    <p>Inhaled epinephrine and corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates the need for immediate medical attention in a child with LTB?

    <p>Increased restlessness and irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is indicative of severe respiratory distress in a child with LTB?

    <p>Sternal retractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effective supportive therapy for a child with acute LTB during sleep?

    <p>Cool humidification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a common clinical manifestation of laryngotracheobronchitis?

    <p>Significant weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the potential signs that indicate dehydration in a child with LTB?

    <p>Dry lips and mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is known as Erythrocin?

    <p>Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nursing management for a patient with acute bronchitis?

    <p>Encouraging fluid intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical manifestation might suggest chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Productive cough lasting at least 3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the management of pulmonary embolism infarction, what is the primary concern?

    <p>Monitoring for shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does infiltrates and consolidation indicate in a patient's lungs?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an antipyretic medication?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common respiratory status that should be monitored in a client with bronchitis?

    <p>Respiratory rate and rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main clinical manifestations of acute bronchitis?

    <p>Pleuritic chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by decreased breath sounds and prolonged expiration in a patient with chest trauma?

    <p>Fluid accumulation in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Cigarette smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might the presence of jugular venous distention in a patient indicate?

    <p>Fluid overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a thoracostomy, which condition is NOT a typical indication?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is NOT commonly administered for chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Antihistamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elevated pCO2 levels in a patient with chronic bronchitis suggest which of the following?

    <p>Impaired gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Copious mucus production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential neurological consequence of chronic hypoxia due to pulmonary heart disease?

    <p>Dizziness and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intradermal Testing

    • Read results in 48-72 hours for tuberculosis exposure
    • A positive Mantoux Test shows induration of 10 mm; for HIV-positive individuals, 5 mm indicates exposure
    • Indicates exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis but does not confirm active TB

    Lung Biopsy Types

    • Transbronchoscopic biopsy performed during bronchoscopy
    • Percutaneous needle biopsy for easier access
    • Open lung biopsy for comprehensive analysis

    Chest X-Ray

    • Remove all metallic objects before the procedure
    • Essential for identifying lung conditions or abnormalities

    Pulmonary Function Tests

    • Measure different aspects of lung function, including:
      • Vital capacity: maximum volume after forceful exhalation
      • Tidal volume: volume during normal breathing (approximately 500 mL)
      • Inspiratory reserve volume: maximum air inhaled after normal inhalation

    Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) Clinical Manifestations

    • Sore throat, irritability, restlessness, and low-grade fever
    • Hoarseness and inspiratory stridor due to airway inflammation
    • Tachypnea, dyspnea, and possible cyanosis with thick mucus present

    Diagnostic Evaluations for LTB

    • Throat cultures and neck X-ray to assess inflammation
    • Laryngoscopy for direct visualization of the throat and larynx

    Medical Management of LTB

    • Utilize cool humidification methods during sleep
    • Administer inhaled epinephrine and corticosteroids as needed
    • Ensure oxygen therapy and possibly tracheostomy if severe

    Nasal Polyps

    • Result from ongoing inflammation due to infections or allergies
    • External sphenoethmoidectomy may be performed to clear ethmoid sinus secretions

    Pharyngitis Overview

    • Inflammation of the pharynx, can be acute bacterial, viral, or chronic
    • Common treatments include antibiotics and pain relief (e.g., acetaminophen)

    Acute and Chronic Bronchitis

    • Acute bronchitis follows upper respiratory infections; presents with cough and may involve yellow/green sputum
    • Chronic bronchitis characterized by prolonged productive cough lasting ≥3 months for two consecutive years
    • Symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing, and possible chest pain

    Pulmonary Embolism

    • Obstruction of pulmonary arteries by thrombus, potentially leading to lung tissue necrosis
    • Symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, and changes in breath sounds

    Chronic Bronchitis Management

    • Recognized by excessive mucus production and chronic cough
    • Common causes include smoking, infections, and environmental irritants
    • Treatment involves bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics

    Cor Pulmonale

    • Right ventricular changes due to chronic respiratory disease affecting lung or its vasculature
    • Symptoms involve signs of right heart failure such as edema and jugular venous distention

    Nursing Responsibilities

    • Monitor respiratory status continuously during treatment
    • Ensure adequate hydration and provide comfort measures
    • Watch for signs of shock and maintain airway patency

    Important Laboratory Values

    • In chronic bronchitis, anticipate increased pCO2 and decreased pO2
    • Assess vital signs regularly and conduct assessments of respiratory function

    Emergency Procedures

    • Chest tube thoracostomy indicated for pneumothorax and hemothorax
    • Prepare for potential tracheostomy in severe respiratory distress situations

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    Related Documents

    Respiratory System Module 4 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers crucial aspects of pulmonary tests, including intradermal testing for tuberculosis exposure, various biopsy types, and chest X-ray procedures. Understanding these topics is vital for identifying and diagnosing lung conditions effectively. Test your knowledge on these essential respiratory health concepts!

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