Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does an induration of 10mm or more in a Montoux Test indicate?
What does an induration of 10mm or more in a Montoux Test indicate?
- Exposure to any type of bacteria
- Indicates a lung cancer diagnosis
- No exposure to tuberculosis
- Positive exposure to Mycobacterium tubercle (correct)
What is the purpose of conducting a transbronchoscopic biopsy?
What is the purpose of conducting a transbronchoscopic biopsy?
- To determine the flow of air during breathing
- To examine the bronchial tree for malignancy (correct)
- To assess lung capacity
- To evaluate exposure to Mycobacterium
Which of the following describes vital capacity in pulmonary function tests?
Which of the following describes vital capacity in pulmonary function tests?
- Maximum volume of air after exhalation (correct)
- Maximum volume of air inhaled
- Volume of air exhaled after normal breathing
- Volume of air exchanged in tidal breathing
What is required during a chest X-ray procedure concerning metallic objects?
What is required during a chest X-ray procedure concerning metallic objects?
What is the normal tidal volume during breathing?
What is the normal tidal volume during breathing?
What surgical procedure is performed to correct a deviation in the nasal septum?
What surgical procedure is performed to correct a deviation in the nasal septum?
Which of the following is considered a clinical manifestation of nasal polyps?
Which of the following is considered a clinical manifestation of nasal polyps?
What type of pharyngitis is characterized by inflammation due to a viral infection?
What type of pharyngitis is characterized by inflammation due to a viral infection?
Which of the following clinical manifestations is associated with sinus infections or sinusitis?
Which of the following clinical manifestations is associated with sinus infections or sinusitis?
What is the purpose of administering pancreatic enzymes with meals and snacks in medical management?
What is the purpose of administering pancreatic enzymes with meals and snacks in medical management?
What is a common clinical manifestation of acute laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) in toddlers?
What is a common clinical manifestation of acute laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) in toddlers?
Which diagnostic evaluation method is NOT typically used for diagnosing acute LTB?
Which diagnostic evaluation method is NOT typically used for diagnosing acute LTB?
What is an appropriate medical management strategy for treating acute LTB?
What is an appropriate medical management strategy for treating acute LTB?
Which of the following indicates the need for immediate medical attention in a child with LTB?
Which of the following indicates the need for immediate medical attention in a child with LTB?
Which sign is indicative of severe respiratory distress in a child with LTB?
Which sign is indicative of severe respiratory distress in a child with LTB?
What is an effective supportive therapy for a child with acute LTB during sleep?
What is an effective supportive therapy for a child with acute LTB during sleep?
Which of these is NOT a common clinical manifestation of laryngotracheobronchitis?
Which of these is NOT a common clinical manifestation of laryngotracheobronchitis?
What is one of the potential signs that indicate dehydration in a child with LTB?
What is one of the potential signs that indicate dehydration in a child with LTB?
Which antibiotic is known as Erythrocin?
Which antibiotic is known as Erythrocin?
What is the primary nursing management for a patient with acute bronchitis?
What is the primary nursing management for a patient with acute bronchitis?
Which clinical manifestation might suggest chronic bronchitis?
Which clinical manifestation might suggest chronic bronchitis?
In the management of pulmonary embolism infarction, what is the primary concern?
In the management of pulmonary embolism infarction, what is the primary concern?
What does infiltrates and consolidation indicate in a patient's lungs?
What does infiltrates and consolidation indicate in a patient's lungs?
Which of the following is an antipyretic medication?
Which of the following is an antipyretic medication?
What is a common respiratory status that should be monitored in a client with bronchitis?
What is a common respiratory status that should be monitored in a client with bronchitis?
What is one of the main clinical manifestations of acute bronchitis?
What is one of the main clinical manifestations of acute bronchitis?
What is indicated by decreased breath sounds and prolonged expiration in a patient with chest trauma?
What is indicated by decreased breath sounds and prolonged expiration in a patient with chest trauma?
Which of the following is a common cause of chronic bronchitis?
Which of the following is a common cause of chronic bronchitis?
What might the presence of jugular venous distention in a patient indicate?
What might the presence of jugular venous distention in a patient indicate?
During a thoracostomy, which condition is NOT a typical indication?
During a thoracostomy, which condition is NOT a typical indication?
Which medication is NOT commonly administered for chronic bronchitis?
Which medication is NOT commonly administered for chronic bronchitis?
Elevated pCO2 levels in a patient with chronic bronchitis suggest which of the following?
Elevated pCO2 levels in a patient with chronic bronchitis suggest which of the following?
Which symptom is characteristic of chronic bronchitis?
Which symptom is characteristic of chronic bronchitis?
What is a potential neurological consequence of chronic hypoxia due to pulmonary heart disease?
What is a potential neurological consequence of chronic hypoxia due to pulmonary heart disease?
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Study Notes
Intradermal Testing
- Read results in 48-72 hours for tuberculosis exposure
- A positive Mantoux Test shows induration of 10 mm; for HIV-positive individuals, 5 mm indicates exposure
- Indicates exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis but does not confirm active TB
Lung Biopsy Types
- Transbronchoscopic biopsy performed during bronchoscopy
- Percutaneous needle biopsy for easier access
- Open lung biopsy for comprehensive analysis
Chest X-Ray
- Remove all metallic objects before the procedure
- Essential for identifying lung conditions or abnormalities
Pulmonary Function Tests
- Measure different aspects of lung function, including:
- Vital capacity: maximum volume after forceful exhalation
- Tidal volume: volume during normal breathing (approximately 500 mL)
- Inspiratory reserve volume: maximum air inhaled after normal inhalation
Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) Clinical Manifestations
- Sore throat, irritability, restlessness, and low-grade fever
- Hoarseness and inspiratory stridor due to airway inflammation
- Tachypnea, dyspnea, and possible cyanosis with thick mucus present
Diagnostic Evaluations for LTB
- Throat cultures and neck X-ray to assess inflammation
- Laryngoscopy for direct visualization of the throat and larynx
Medical Management of LTB
- Utilize cool humidification methods during sleep
- Administer inhaled epinephrine and corticosteroids as needed
- Ensure oxygen therapy and possibly tracheostomy if severe
Nasal Polyps
- Result from ongoing inflammation due to infections or allergies
- External sphenoethmoidectomy may be performed to clear ethmoid sinus secretions
Pharyngitis Overview
- Inflammation of the pharynx, can be acute bacterial, viral, or chronic
- Common treatments include antibiotics and pain relief (e.g., acetaminophen)
Acute and Chronic Bronchitis
- Acute bronchitis follows upper respiratory infections; presents with cough and may involve yellow/green sputum
- Chronic bronchitis characterized by prolonged productive cough lasting ≥3 months for two consecutive years
- Symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing, and possible chest pain
Pulmonary Embolism
- Obstruction of pulmonary arteries by thrombus, potentially leading to lung tissue necrosis
- Symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, and changes in breath sounds
Chronic Bronchitis Management
- Recognized by excessive mucus production and chronic cough
- Common causes include smoking, infections, and environmental irritants
- Treatment involves bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics
Cor Pulmonale
- Right ventricular changes due to chronic respiratory disease affecting lung or its vasculature
- Symptoms involve signs of right heart failure such as edema and jugular venous distention
Nursing Responsibilities
- Monitor respiratory status continuously during treatment
- Ensure adequate hydration and provide comfort measures
- Watch for signs of shock and maintain airway patency
Important Laboratory Values
- In chronic bronchitis, anticipate increased pCO2 and decreased pO2
- Assess vital signs regularly and conduct assessments of respiratory function
Emergency Procedures
- Chest tube thoracostomy indicated for pneumothorax and hemothorax
- Prepare for potential tracheostomy in severe respiratory distress situations
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