MIDTERM CARDIOVASCULAR

Questions and Answers

What does an induration of 10mm or more in a Montoux Test indicate?

Exposure to any type of bacteria

Indicates a lung cancer diagnosis

No exposure to tuberculosis

Positive exposure to Mycobacterium tubercle (correct)

What is the purpose of conducting a transbronchoscopic biopsy?

To determine the flow of air during breathing

To examine the bronchial tree for malignancy (correct)

To assess lung capacity

To evaluate exposure to Mycobacterium

Which of the following describes vital capacity in pulmonary function tests?

Maximum volume of air after exhalation (correct)

Maximum volume of air inhaled

Volume of air exhaled after normal breathing

Volume of air exchanged in tidal breathing

What is required during a chest X-ray procedure concerning metallic objects?

All metallic objects must be removed Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal tidal volume during breathing?

500mL Signup and view all the answers

What surgical procedure is performed to correct a deviation in the nasal septum?

Septoplasty Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a clinical manifestation of nasal polyps?

Nasal congestion Signup and view all the answers

What type of pharyngitis is characterized by inflammation due to a viral infection?

Viral pharyngitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical manifestations is associated with sinus infections or sinusitis?

Postnasal drip Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering pancreatic enzymes with meals and snacks in medical management?

To improve digestive enzyme deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical manifestation of acute laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) in toddlers?

Inspiratory stridor Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic evaluation method is NOT typically used for diagnosing acute LTB?

Electrocardiogram Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate medical management strategy for treating acute LTB?

Inhaled epinephrine and corticosteroids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates the need for immediate medical attention in a child with LTB?

Increased restlessness and irritability Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is indicative of severe respiratory distress in a child with LTB?

Sternal retractions Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective supportive therapy for a child with acute LTB during sleep?

Cool humidification Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a common clinical manifestation of laryngotracheobronchitis?

Significant weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential signs that indicate dehydration in a child with LTB?

Dry lips and mouth Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is known as Erythrocin?

Erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nursing management for a patient with acute bronchitis?

Encouraging fluid intake Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical manifestation might suggest chronic bronchitis?

Productive cough lasting at least 3 months Signup and view all the answers

In the management of pulmonary embolism infarction, what is the primary concern?

Monitoring for shock Signup and view all the answers

What does infiltrates and consolidation indicate in a patient's lungs?

Pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an antipyretic medication?

Acetaminophen Signup and view all the answers

What is a common respiratory status that should be monitored in a client with bronchitis?

Respiratory rate and rhythm Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main clinical manifestations of acute bronchitis?

Pleuritic chest pain Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by decreased breath sounds and prolonged expiration in a patient with chest trauma?

Fluid accumulation in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of chronic bronchitis?

Cigarette smoking Signup and view all the answers

What might the presence of jugular venous distention in a patient indicate?

Fluid overload Signup and view all the answers

During a thoracostomy, which condition is NOT a typical indication?

Pulmonary fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is NOT commonly administered for chronic bronchitis?

Antihistamines Signup and view all the answers

Elevated pCO2 levels in a patient with chronic bronchitis suggest which of the following?

Impaired gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of chronic bronchitis?

Copious mucus production Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential neurological consequence of chronic hypoxia due to pulmonary heart disease?

Dizziness and confusion Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intradermal Testing

Read results in 48-72 hours for tuberculosis exposure
A positive Mantoux Test shows induration of 10 mm; for HIV-positive individuals, 5 mm indicates exposure
Indicates exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis but does not confirm active TB

Lung Biopsy Types

Transbronchoscopic biopsy performed during bronchoscopy
Percutaneous needle biopsy for easier access
Open lung biopsy for comprehensive analysis

Chest X-Ray

Remove all metallic objects before the procedure
Essential for identifying lung conditions or abnormalities

Pulmonary Function Tests

Measure different aspects of lung function, including:
- Vital capacity: maximum volume after forceful exhalation
- Tidal volume: volume during normal breathing (approximately 500 mL)
- Inspiratory reserve volume: maximum air inhaled after normal inhalation

Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) Clinical Manifestations

Sore throat, irritability, restlessness, and low-grade fever
Hoarseness and inspiratory stridor due to airway inflammation
Tachypnea, dyspnea, and possible cyanosis with thick mucus present

Diagnostic Evaluations for LTB

Throat cultures and neck X-ray to assess inflammation
Laryngoscopy for direct visualization of the throat and larynx

Medical Management of LTB

Utilize cool humidification methods during sleep
Administer inhaled epinephrine and corticosteroids as needed
Ensure oxygen therapy and possibly tracheostomy if severe

Nasal Polyps

Result from ongoing inflammation due to infections or allergies
External sphenoethmoidectomy may be performed to clear ethmoid sinus secretions

Pharyngitis Overview

Inflammation of the pharynx, can be acute bacterial, viral, or chronic
Common treatments include antibiotics and pain relief (e.g., acetaminophen)

Acute and Chronic Bronchitis

Acute bronchitis follows upper respiratory infections; presents with cough and may involve yellow/green sputum
Chronic bronchitis characterized by prolonged productive cough lasting ≥3 months for two consecutive years
Symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing, and possible chest pain

Pulmonary Embolism

Obstruction of pulmonary arteries by thrombus, potentially leading to lung tissue necrosis
Symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, and changes in breath sounds

Chronic Bronchitis Management

Recognized by excessive mucus production and chronic cough
Common causes include smoking, infections, and environmental irritants
Treatment involves bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics

Cor Pulmonale

Right ventricular changes due to chronic respiratory disease affecting lung or its vasculature
Symptoms involve signs of right heart failure such as edema and jugular venous distention

Nursing Responsibilities

Monitor respiratory status continuously during treatment
Ensure adequate hydration and provide comfort measures
Watch for signs of shock and maintain airway patency

Important Laboratory Values

In chronic bronchitis, anticipate increased pCO2 and decreased pO2
Assess vital signs regularly and conduct assessments of respiratory function

Emergency Procedures

Chest tube thoracostomy indicated for pneumothorax and hemothorax
Prepare for potential tracheostomy in severe respiratory distress situations

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Description

This quiz covers crucial aspects of pulmonary tests, including intradermal testing for tuberculosis exposure, various biopsy types, and chest X-ray procedures. Understanding these topics is vital for identifying and diagnosing lung conditions effectively. Test your knowledge on these essential respiratory health concepts!