Lung Abscess Diagnosis

7-14 days

A fluid-filled space with an air-fluid level amid a pulmonary consolidation

Aspiration of anaerobic bacteria from the oropharynx or stomach

<p>Treatment with antibiotics, such as ampicillin-sulbactam, is generally curative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A full speech and swallow evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advanced age, poor dentition, and esophageal dysmotility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced cAMP levels decrease the release of calcium, which decreases contractility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain SaO≥95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravenous magnesium sulfate or terbutaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts by directly increasing cAMP via activation of glucagon receptors, bypassing the blocked adrenergic receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poorly controlled asthma is strongly linked to maternal and fetal mortality, premature birth, and low birth weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are administered especially in patients who have an incomplete response to bronchodilators, high-risk asthma features, or a breakthrough acute exacerbation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity may not be reversible after treatment discontinuation due to myocyte necrosis, destruction, and replacement by fibrous tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased slope of phase 4 depolarization (due to impaired activity of the HCN 'funny' channels).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the patient has an immediate full resolution with acute bronchodilators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent additional episodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When they fail to improve or resolve with initial antibiotic therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative chronotropy increases diastolic filling time to increase LV end-diastolic volume, and negative inotropy decreases contractility to cause blood ejection to complete at a higher LV end-systolic volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever, cough, pleurisy, and weight loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because tuberculous pleural effusions are caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to M tuberculosis or its antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the risk of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The treatment of patients with HER2-positive tumors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilateral, interstitial infiltrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Induced sputum samples; bronchoalveolar lavage is the next step.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unknown, but it is a known complication of trastuzumab use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SaO2 ≥95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absolute contraindication to anticoagulation (e.g., intracranial hemorrhage or active major bleeding source)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lowering the incidence of PEs by half, but increasing the risk of recurrent DVT by roughly 2-fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in asthma symptoms (e.g., cough, dyspnea, wheezing) combined with a &gt;20% reduction in peak expiratory flow rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral upper respiratory infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce symptoms and prevent future exacerbations requiring hospitalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prednisone 40-60 mg daily for 5-10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe symptoms (e.g., hypoxemia, difficulty speaking, use of accessory muscles, reduction in peak expiratory flow &gt;50% from baseline)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fewer future exacerbations requiring hospitalization and improved long-term asthma control</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trastuzumab targets human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and is used in addition to adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive tumors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The incidence of cardiotoxicity is approximately 5% with trastuzumab monotherapy, but it is 25% with trastuzumab combined with anthracycline and cyclophosphamide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trastuzumab-associated cardiotoxicity is reversible because it does not involve myocyte necrosis, destruction, and replacement by fibrous tissue, whereas chronic anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity may not be reversible due to these changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trastuzumab-associated cardiotoxicity is not dose-related, in contrast to anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity, which is strongly related to cumulative doses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trastuzumab-associated decline in LVEF is usually asymptomatic and may occasionally lead to overt clinical heart failure, but in most patients, there is complete recovery of cardiac function after treatment discontinuation. In contrast, chronic anthracycline-associated cardiotoxicity may not be reversible after treatment discontinuation.</p> Signup and view all the answers