Pulmonary Sepsis and Respiratory Infections

The body's natural barriers that protect the respiratory system from infection.

Small hairs in the nose that trap inhaled particles.

Bony structures in the nose that create air turbulence, trapping particles.

A natural body fluid containing enzymes and antibodies that help fight infection.

The process of clearing the airways by coughing and expelling mucus.

A layer of mucus and cilia that move to trap and remove foreign particles from the airways.

Specialized immune cells that engulf and destroy bacteria and other invaders.

A network of lymphatic vessels that helps to drain infection and prevent its spread.

Infections caused by viruses, bacteria, or atypical bacteria (mycoplasma) that affect the nose, sinuses, larynx, and trachea.

A common cold, caused by rhinovirus, usually mild and transient.

An infection of the throat caused by adenovirus, commonly associated with pharyngitis and conjunctivitis.

Caused by influenza virus, can progress to pneumonia. Symptoms include fever, lassitude, and depression.

An infection of the trachea and larynx caused by RSV, common in children, leads to breathing difficulty.

Infections caused by bacteria such as Strep pyogenes. They can occur in healthy individuals or those with weakened immune systems.

Acute inflammation and swelling of the sinuses caused by Strep pyogenes, can be serious in young people.

Inflammation of the larynx caused by Haemophilus influenzae or Strep pyogenes. Symptoms include swelling and difficulty breathing.

A type of pneumonia caused by aspiration of bacteria from the pharynx, often affecting the lower lobes or right middle lobe.

Pneumonia caused by organisms like Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Coxiella, or viruses. Typically milder than bacterial pneumonia.

Pneumonia that develops in a hospital setting, often caused by resistant bacteria.

Pneumonia in individuals with weakened immune systems, often caused by opportunistic pathogens.

Infection of the lungs that spreads to the bloodstream, potentially leading to life-threatening complications.

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by various microorganisms. Characterized by cough, fever, shortness of breath, and chest pain.

Factors that increase the risk of pneumonia: suppressed cough reflex, impaired ciliary function, weakened immune system, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, etc.

Complications of pneumonia include respiratory failure, abscess formation, sepsis, and death.

A type of pneumonia where the infection starts in the bronchi and spreads to the alveoli, creating patchy inflammation and consolidation.

A severe form of pneumonia where the infection spreads throughout an entire lobe of the lung, often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, often seen in smokers and after viral infections.

A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae, often seen in smokers and those with COPD.

A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by Moraxella catarrhalis, often seen in smokers, those with COPD, and the elderly.

A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, often seen in IV drug users, infants, and those with skin infections.

A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by Klebsiella, often seen in hospitalized patients and those with aspiration pneumonia.

A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often seen in hospitalized patients and those with aspiration pneumonia.

A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, often seen in young adults and those with milder symptoms.

A type of lung infection characterized by pus-filled cavities (abscesses) that form in the lung tissue.

Inflammation of the lining of the lungs (pleura), causing sharp pain, often worse with breathing.

An abnormal widening of the airways (bronchi) due to inflammation and infection, leading to chronic coughing and mucus production.

Bacterial pneumonia is an infection that affects the small air sacs in the lungs, causing inflammation and fluid buildup.

Viral pneumonia is an infection that affects the lung tissue, causing inflammation and swelling.

A serious complication of pneumonia characterized by a buildup of pus in the space between the lungs and chest wall.

A complication that can occur after pneumonia, causing scarring and thickening of the lung tissue.

A condition characterized by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, often a complication of pneumonia.

Obstruction of the airways, leading to air trapped in the distal bronchi (small airways). The blockage can be caused by things like tumors, foreign bodies, or excessive mucus. This causes the airways to collapse, leading to inflammation and scarring, ultimately resulting in larger, permanently dilated airways.

Long-term infection in the airways causes further damage to the bronchial walls, leading to more inflammation and ultimately permanent dilatation.

Bronchiectasis can lead to lung abscesses, blood clots in the lungs (cor pulmonale), and even brain abscesses.