Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which bacterial agent is known to cause melioidosis?

  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Chlamydophila psittaci
  • Coxiella burnetii
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei (correct)

Chlamydia trachomatis serotype D-K is a common cause of pneumonia in infants.

True (A)

What are the common symptoms associated with a lung abscess?

Fever, productive cough, and chest pain.

Paragonimus westermani causes __________ hemoptysis.

<p>endemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the bacterial agents with their respective diseases:

<p>Bacillus anthracis = Pulmonary anthrax Coxiella burnetii = Q fever Yersinia pestis = Pneumonic plague Chlamydophila psittaci = Pneumonia from bird exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is NOT typically implicated in secondary lung abscesses?

<p>Coxiella burnetii (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Foul-smelling sputum is often associated with anaerobic lung abscesses.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one fungal organism that can be implicated in lung infections.

<p>Aspergillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is identified as the most important cause of respiratory infections mentioned?

<p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antibiotics should always be used for treating bronchiolitis regardless of the cause.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mainstay of therapy for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)?

<p>Symptomatic management</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bacterial respiratory infections may include whooping cough caused by ________ pertussis.

<p>Bordetella</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following lower respiratory tract infections with their characteristics:

<p>Bronchiolitis = Characterized by expiratory wheeze and tachypnea Whooping cough = Clinically characterized by paroxysmal cough Pneumonia = Can be caused by various bacteria and viruses Tuberculosis = A chronic bacterial infection leading to lung damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for bronchiolitis?

<p>Antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fungal infections are listed among the types of lower respiratory tract infections.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one bacterial agent that causes respiratory infections.

<p>Bordetella pertussis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a fungal infection associated with lower respiratory tract infections?

<p>Pneumocystis jirovecii (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Paragonimus is a type of viral infection affecting the lungs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria is primarily responsible for atypical pneumonia?

<p>Mycoplasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary cause of pulmonary tuberculosis is __________.

<p>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is commonly associated with lobar pneumonia?

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of lung infections with their associated causes:

<p>Fungal pneumonia = Pneumocystis jirovecii Parasitic lung disease = Paragonimus Bacterial pneumonia = Streptococcus pneumoniae Tuberculosis = Mycobacterium tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pleural effusion can occur as a complication of bacterial infections.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one rare cause of lower respiratory tract infections.

<p>Fungal pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

A contagious bacterial infection that causes severe coughing fits, often followed by a whooping sound.

Bronchiolitis

An infection of the smallest airways in the lungs (bronchioles), causing difficulty breathing.

Pertussis

A serious respiratory disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis.

Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI)

A group of infections affecting the lower respiratory tract, including the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

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Tachypnea

A medical term for breathing faster than normal.

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Suctioning

A procedure that removes mucus and other substances from the airway, using suction.

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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A common cause of bronchiolitis, often in infants and young children.

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Retractions

A medical term for when a person's breathing effort causes the muscles between the ribs to pull inward.

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Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchi, the airways that carry air to the lungs.

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Pneumonia

Infection of the lung tissue, causing inflammation and fluid buildup.

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Lobar Pneumonia

Inflammation of one or more lobes of the lung, often caused by bacteria like pneumococcus.

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Atypical Pneumonia

Inflammation of the lungs caused by a variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

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Pulmonary Tuberculosis

A serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affecting the lungs.

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Pleural Effusion

A collection of fluid in the space between the lung and the chest wall.

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Melioidosis

A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by the bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is usually associated with exposure to contaminated soil or water in certain tropical regions.

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Q fever

A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. It can be transmitted through contact with infected animals or their products, such as milk or meat.

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Psittacosis

A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by the bacteria Chlamydophila psittaci. It is usually acquired through exposure to infected birds, such as parrots or chickens.

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Pulmonary Anthrax

A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. It can be inhaled through contaminated dust or spores, and can cause a severe and often fatal illness.

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Pneumonic Plague

A type of bacterial pneumonia caused by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. It is a highly contagious and often fatal disease.

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Paragonimiasis

A lung infection caused by Paragonimus westermani, a parasitic lung fluke. It is typically associated with areas where freshwater crabs and snails are common.

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Lung Abscess

A serious lung infection characterized by the formation of pus-filled cavities in the lungs. It can occur as a complication of other lung infections, such as pneumonia.

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Sputum Microscopy

A microscopic examination of sputum for the presence of infectious agents. It is a common diagnostic tool in the evaluation of respiratory infections.

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Study Notes

Respiratory Tract Infections

  • Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common; caused by various pathogens.
  • The respiratory tract has mechanisms to prevent infection, such as nasal hairs, convoluted passages in the nasal cavity, secretory IgA and other antibacterial agents in respiratory secretions, and cilia and mucous lining in the tracheobronchial tree that trap and clear pathogens. Cough, sneeze and gag reflexes also act as protective mechanisms. Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract can also prevent colonization by pathogenic organisms.

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs)

  • URTIs involve the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx (throat), epiglottis, and larynx.
  • Common pathogens include bacteria such as streptococci, Neisseria, diphtheroids, Moraxella catarrhalis, coagulase-negative staphylococci, anaerobes, Haemophilus, meningococcus, pneumococcus and S. aureus, as well as various viruses (e.g., rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, etc.).
  • The most frequent organisms in pharyngitis (sore throat or inflammation of the pharynx) are Streptococcus pyogenes and other beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, other rare cases such as Arcanobacterium hemolyticum, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (due to orogenital sexual contact).

Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs)

  • LRTIs comprise the trachea, bronchi (divided into bronchioles) and lungs, with the surrounding pleura.
  • Various agents cause LRTIs. The most common agents of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) include Streptococcus pneumoniae followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae and viral pneumonia. Hospital-acquired infections (HAP) are often caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various bacterial and viral agents associated with lower respiratory tract infections. This quiz covers topics such as pneumonia, lung abscesses, and bronchiolitis. Challenge yourself with questions about the causes, symptoms, and treatments related to these respiratory conditions.

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