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Questions and Answers

What is one marked characteristic of the Chinese language?

  • It has no written form.
  • It is multilinguistic.
  • It is monosyllabic. (correct)
  • It uses complex characters.

    • How long ago was literature first recorded in China?

  • About 2,500 years ago.
  • About 10,000 years ago.
  • About 1,000 years ago.
  • About 5,000 years ago. (correct)

    • What was Japan known for in terms of literary composition before the known art of writing?

  • Philosophical texts.
  • Poems and odes to the gods. (correct)
  • Historical accounts.
  • Epic novels.

    • What is the approximate number of characters in the basic Japanese alphabet?

    <p>Forty-seven.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term was used to describe Africa until the 18th century?

    <p>The Dark Continent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does literature convey according to the definition provided?

    <p>Human ideas, thoughts, emotions, feelings, and experiences artistically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which civilization's literature began recording about 5,000 years ago?

    <p>Chinese civilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of Chinese literary heritage is emphasized?

    <p>It conveys a unique worldview.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ancestral language of India?

    <p>Sanskrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Koran also known as?

    <p>Quran</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Nile River is true?

    <p>It is the longest river in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tradition do Muslims observe during the holy month of Ramadan?

    <p>Fasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily makes up the literature of Egypt?

    <p>Inscriptions and manuscripts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are adjectives primarily used to describe?

    <p>Qualities of nouns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of adverbs?

    <p>To modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of literature was passed down through the legendary age in the Philippines?

    <p>Verbal literature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are emphasis markers primarily used for?

    <p>To emphasize a point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the coming of Americans influence Filipino literature?

    <p>By introducing the English language and education system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dramatic irony reveal to the audience?

    <p>Characters’ real feelings or attitudes unknown to them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example provided, what does Kathy mistakenly grab?

    <p>Rat poison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Kathy's attitude towards caring for the goldfish?

    <p>She considered it easy and straightforward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred from Kathy's actions during the conversation?

    <p>She was distracted and careless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might leaders write literature that falls under propaganda?

    <p>To promote a specific agenda or viewpoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the story depicting Kathy's actions?

    <p>It illustrates the concept of dramatic irony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is situational irony?

    <p>When the opposite of what is expected occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example best illustrates verbal irony?

    <p>A waiter receives a good tip but the customer complains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the given examples, what was ironic about the English settlers caring for their teeth?

    <p>They used inappropriate materials for brushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a type of irony mentioned?

    <p>Emotional irony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does situational irony affect the reader's experience?

    <p>It heightens suspense by providing unexpected outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does verbal irony reveal about a character’s communication?

    <p>Their hidden emotions or feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the settlers in Jamestown based on their actions concerning hygiene?

    <p>They were unaware of the risks of poor hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the ending of a narrative that possesses situational irony?

    <p>It presents an outcome that was not foreseen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of context clues in a sentence?

    <p>To help understand the meaning of difficult words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of context clue uses an opposite word to define an unfamiliar term?

    <p>By antonym</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the 'by definition' type of context clue?

    <p>The unfamiliar word is explicitly defined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example best illustrates the use of synonyms as context clues?

    <p>An author is someone who writes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sentence does NOT exemplify the subject-verb-object pattern?

    <p>She sang beautifully.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym 'S-V-C' stand for in relation to sentence structure?

    <p>Subject-Verb-Complement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sentences illustrates the use of adjunct context clues?

    <p>He plays soccer every weekend.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of context clue emphasizes the number of related actions?

    <p>By example</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Afro-Asian Literature

    • Literature: Conveys human ideas, thoughts, emotions, feelings and experiences artistically.

    Literature in China

    • Chinese literature was first recorded about 5,000 years ago.
    • It documented the dreams and visions of a race representing about one-fifth of the world’s population.
    • The Chinese language is monosyllabic, similar to the word "yes" in English.

    Literature in Japan

    • Poems and odes to the gods were composed in the early Japanese language before the art of writing was known in Japan.
    • Japan developed a basic alphabet of only forty-seven characters called Katakana.

    Literature in India

    • As early as 300 B.C., India had already produced a considerable body of literature derived from a common ancestral language, Sanskrit.
    • The earliest known literature of India is a collection of traditions known as the Vedas.

    Literature in Saudi Arabia

    • The greatest book in Saudi Arabia is the Koran (Qur’an or Quran), their sacred book.
    • Sanskrit is their ancestral language.
    • They give alms, ten percent of their income, to the poor.
    • They keep the holy month of Ramadan.

    Literature in Egypt

    • The Nile River is the only river in the world without which a whole nation would die.
    • It is also the longest river in the world.
    • The literature of Egypt consists primarily of inscriptions printed/engraved on monuments or manuscripts written on papyrus.
    • The Jews traditionally believe in a monotheistic conception of God (“Yahweh is one”).

    Literature in The Philippines

    • The legendary age produced verbal literature passed down from elders, including magical incantations, myths, legends, and folktales.
    • The Spaniards introduced Christianity to the Philippines.
    • Literature fell under propaganda and was written by leaders of the movement.
    • The coming of Americans introduced the English language and education system, which Filipinos began using as a literary medium.

    Adjectives vs. Adverbs

    Adjectives

    • Describe the qualities or states of being of nouns and pronouns.
    • Examples: enormous, bright, silly, hungry, fun, fast, etc.

    Adverbs

    • Often end in -ly but some (like fast) look exactly like their adjective counterparts.
    • Modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

    Emphasis Markers

    • Words and expressions that emphasize a point according to their function.

    Types of Emphasis Markers According to Purpose

    • Dramatic irony: The reader or audience understands more about the events of the story than the character. The real feelings or attitude of the characters are known by the audience.
      • Example: Kathy thought she was good with animals until she got a goldfish. While on the phone, she accidentally put rat poison in the fish tank instead of food.
    • Situational irony: The complete opposite of what is expected occurs. The ending seems certain but becomes unpredictable instead.
      • Example: Settlers in Jamestown used abrasive tooth powders to clean their teeth, which ultimately stripped the protective layer from their teeth.

    Irony and Its Types

    • Irony: A figure of speech in which words are used to express the opposite of the actual meaning.

    Verbal Irony

    • When a character or person says one thing but means the complete opposite.
    • Example: A mean old man complained throughout his meal but tipped below the minimum. The waitress said, “Thank you for the generous tip, Mister.”

    Context Clues and Its Types

    • Context clues: Words that appear in sentences to help understand the meaning of difficult words.

    Types of Context Clues

    • By definition: The unfamiliar word is defined in a sentence.
      • Example: An archeologist is a person who searches for treasure from sunken ships and ancient tombs to obtain artifacts and relics.
    • By synonym: A similar word is placed in the same sentences.
      • Example: It is common for Filipinos to feel compassion or pity for the suffering of their fellowmen.
    • By antonym: An opposite word is placed in the same sentence.
      • Example: Among the siblings of thin body structure, Isabel is the only one who is portly.

    Sentence Patterns

    Subject-Verb

    • I slept.
    • Sarah cooked.
    • The kids ran.

    Subject-Verb-Object

    • Mark baked cookies.
    • Horses cannot read books.
    • The school cancelled classes.

    Subject-Linking Verb-Complement

    • Felipe is a religious man.
    • The topic was confusing.
    • Houses are expensive.

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