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Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the popliteus muscle?
What is the primary action of the popliteus muscle?
Which muscle is innervated by the obturator nerve?
Which muscle is innervated by the obturator nerve?
Which nerve supplies the quadriceps femoris muscle?
Which nerve supplies the quadriceps femoris muscle?
Which muscle contributes to dorsiflexion of the foot?
Which muscle contributes to dorsiflexion of the foot?
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What is the innervation of the muscle responsible for extending the toes?
What is the innervation of the muscle responsible for extending the toes?
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What movement does the semimembranosus muscle primarily facilitate?
What movement does the semimembranosus muscle primarily facilitate?
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The biceps femoris muscle is innervated by which nerve for its short head?
The biceps femoris muscle is innervated by which nerve for its short head?
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Which muscle is NOT involved in the medial rotation of the knee?
Which muscle is NOT involved in the medial rotation of the knee?
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Which nerve supplies the Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis?
Which nerve supplies the Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for eversion of the foot?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for eversion of the foot?
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Which of the following muscles is innervated by the Posterior Tibial Nerve?
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the Posterior Tibial Nerve?
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Which muscle contributes to both inversion and plantarflexion of the foot?
Which muscle contributes to both inversion and plantarflexion of the foot?
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Which of these muscles is NOT involved in dorsiflexion?
Which of these muscles is NOT involved in dorsiflexion?
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Which nerve innervates the Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle?
Which nerve innervates the Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle?
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What is the primary action of the Gastrocnemius muscle?
What is the primary action of the Gastrocnemius muscle?
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Which of the following is responsible for toe flexion?
Which of the following is responsible for toe flexion?
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What is the primary movement associated with the superior gluteal nerve injury?
What is the primary movement associated with the superior gluteal nerve injury?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for knee extension?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for knee extension?
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Which nerve injury results in loss of ankle dorsiflexion?
Which nerve injury results in loss of ankle dorsiflexion?
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What type of movement is described when the foot is pointed downwards?
What type of movement is described when the foot is pointed downwards?
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Which anatomical structure would be affected by a fracture at the neck of the fibula?
Which anatomical structure would be affected by a fracture at the neck of the fibula?
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Which movement occurs when moving the leg away from the midline of the body?
Which movement occurs when moving the leg away from the midline of the body?
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Which nerve supplies the muscle responsible for hip flexion?
Which nerve supplies the muscle responsible for hip flexion?
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What is the effect of tibial nerve injury on foot movement?
What is the effect of tibial nerve injury on foot movement?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion of the toes?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion of the toes?
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What nerve supplies the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?
What nerve supplies the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?
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Which of the following movements is NOT associated with the Dorsal Interossei muscles?
Which of the following movements is NOT associated with the Dorsal Interossei muscles?
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Which muscle is responsible for the plantarflexion of the toes?
Which muscle is responsible for the plantarflexion of the toes?
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Which nerve supplies the 1st lumbrical of the foot?
Which nerve supplies the 1st lumbrical of the foot?
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Which muscle is involved in the abduction of the toes?
Which muscle is involved in the abduction of the toes?
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Which muscle and its nerve supply are paired incorrectly?
Which muscle and its nerve supply are paired incorrectly?
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Which movement is primarily facilitated by the Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Which movement is primarily facilitated by the Flexor Digitorum Longus?
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What condition is suggested by a positive Trendelenburg's sign?
What condition is suggested by a positive Trendelenburg's sign?
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Which of the following best describes the compensatory movement associated with Trendelenburg's sign?
Which of the following best describes the compensatory movement associated with Trendelenburg's sign?
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Which nerve is primarily affected in patients demonstrating a positive Trendelenburg's sign?
Which nerve is primarily affected in patients demonstrating a positive Trendelenburg's sign?
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What is the most common cause of sciatic nerve injury?
What is the most common cause of sciatic nerve injury?
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Which condition is specifically associated with muscle spasms affecting the sciatic nerve?
Which condition is specifically associated with muscle spasms affecting the sciatic nerve?
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Which of these activities could potentially lead to piriformis syndrome?
Which of these activities could potentially lead to piriformis syndrome?
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In which part of the body would you most likely find a stab wound causing sciatic nerve injury?
In which part of the body would you most likely find a stab wound causing sciatic nerve injury?
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Which of the following muscle groups is primarily affected in individuals with a positive Trendelenburg's sign?
Which of the following muscle groups is primarily affected in individuals with a positive Trendelenburg's sign?
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Study Notes
Lower Limb Movements
-
Extension:
- Muscles: Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius), popliteus, sartorius
- Nerve Supply: Femoral nerve
-
Medial Rotation (Unlocking of the Knee):
- Muscles: Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis
- Nerve Supply: Tibial part of sciatic nerve (semitendinosus, semimembranosus), obturator nerve (gracilis)
-
Lateral Rotation (Locking of the Knee):
- Muscles: Biceps femoris (long head, short head)
- Nerve Supply: Tibial part of sciatic nerve (long head), common peroneal nerve (short head)
Ankle Joint Movements
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Dorsiflexion (Extension):
- Muscles: Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus (fibularis) tertius
- Nerve Supply: Anterior tibial (deep peroneal) nerve
-
Plantarflexion (Flexion):
- Muscles: Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
- Nerve Supply: Posterior tibial nerve
Subtalar Joint Movements
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Eversion:
- Muscles: Peroneus (fibularis) tertius, peroneus (fibularis) longus, peroneus (fibularis) brevis
- Nerve Supply: Anterior tibial (deep peroneal) nerve (peroneus tertius), musculocutaneous (superficial peroneal) nerve (peroneus longus, peroneus brevis)
-
Inversion:
- Muscles: Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
- Nerve Supply: Anterior tibial (deep peroneal) nerve (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus), posterior tibial nerve (tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus)
Metatarsophalangeal Joint Movements
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Dorsiflexion (Extension):
- Muscles: Extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus
- Nerve Supply: Anterior tibial (deep peroneal) nerve
-
Plantarflexion (Flexion):
- Muscles: Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, lumbricals of foot
- Nerve Supply: Posterior tibial nerve (flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus), medial plantar nerve (1st lumbrical), lateral plantar nerve (remaining lumbricals)
-
Adduction (PAD):
- Muscles: Plantar interossei
- Nerve Supply: Lateral plantar nerve
-
Abduction (DAB):
- Muscles: Dorsal interossei of foot
Trendelenburg's Sign
- Cause: Weakness or paralysis of hip abductor muscles (gluteus medius and gluteus minimus)
- Mechanism: When standing on the affected limb, the pelvis drops on the opposite side (contralateral side)
- Common Cause: Superior gluteal nerve damage
- Compensation: Patient lurches their trunk towards the affected side to maintain pelvic level during gait
Sciatic Nerve Injury
-
Common Causes:
- Lumbar disc prolapse (herniation)
- Piriformis Syndrome (spasm in piriformis muscle)
- Stab wound in the gluteal region or posterior compartment of thigh
- Possible Location: Any part of the sciatic nerve's course
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Description
Test your knowledge on the movements of the lower limb, including the muscles involved and their nerve supplies. This quiz covers key concepts such as knee rotations and ankle joint movements. Perfect for students studying anatomy or preparing for health-related exams.
