Lower Limb Anatomy and Function
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Questions and Answers

What are the main functions of the lower limb?

Support, carry weight of the body, locomotion.

Which joints subdivide the lower limb into regions?

  • Knee joint (correct)
  • Elbow joint
  • Hip joint (correct)
  • Ankle joint (correct)

    • The major bones found in the lower limb include the hip bone, femur, patella, tibia, and _____

    fibula

    The patella is classified as a flat bone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The big toe (hallux) only has _____ phalanges.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the iliac crest in medical procedures?

    <p>It is useful when performing lumbar puncture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ischial tuberosity is located in the upper part of the buttock.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the bone to its description:

    <p>Illem = Part of the hip bone Pubis = Contributes to the pelvic girdle Tibia = Main weight-bearing bone in the leg Fibula = Lateral bone of the leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main functions of the lower limb?

    <p>Support, carry weight of the body, locomotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are regions of the lower limb? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Gluteal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many joints subdivide the lower limb?

    <p>Three.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bones of the lower limb with their description:

    <p>Hip bone = Provides structure and support for the leg Femur = Thigh bone, the longest bone in the body Patella = Kneecap, a sesamoid bone Tibia = The main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg Fibula = A lateral bone of the lower leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The big toe, also known as the ______, has only 2 phalanges.

    <p>hallux.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The femur is also known as the knee bone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones articulate with the tarsals? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape is the line of fusion of bones within the acetabulum?

    <p>'Y' shaped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Aims & Objectives

    • Understand the basic functions of the lower limb: support, weight-bearing, and locomotion.
    • Familiarize with different regions of the lower limb and their corresponding bones.
    • Identify major joints: hip, knee, and ankle.
    • Study various bones and their important landmarks for surface marking.

    Organization of Lower Limb

    • Divided into four regions, identified by three main joints:
      • Gluteal (buttock)
      • Thigh
      • Leg
      • Foot

    Major Joints of the Lower Limb

    • Hip Joint
    • Knee Joint
    • Ankle Joint

    Bones of the Lower Limb

    • Hip Bone (1)
    • Femur (1)
    • Patella (1) - also known as kneecap, classified as a sesamoid bone.
    • Tibia (1) - thick, medial bone supporting most body weight.
    • Fibula (1) - lateral bone alongside the tibia.
    • Tarsals (7) - connects to meet the metatarsals.
    • Metatarsals (5) - articulate with the toes.
    • Phalanges:
      • Proximal (5)
      • Intermediate (4)
      • Distal (5)
    • The big toe, or hallux, has only 2 phalanges.
    • Two sesamoid bones found in the tendon of the muscle to the big toe.

    Bones of the Gluteal Region & Thigh

    • Hip Bone Anatomy:

      • Composed of Il ilium, Pubis, and Ischium.
      • Acetabulum - the socket for the femur.

    • Sacroiliac Joint

    • Pubic Symphysis

    Ilium Anatomy

    • Iliac Tubercle, Iliac Crest, Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS), and Posterior Superior Iliac Spine notable structures.
    • Iliac Crest is the highest point, located at the L4 vertebra level.
    • Iliac Tubercle helps locate significant anatomy for procedures like lumbar puncture.

    Ischium and Pubis

    • Ischial Tuberosity found in the lower buttock, relevant in sitting position.
    • Pubic Bone:
      • Clinically important for diagnosing hernias.
      • Inguinal hernia is located above the pubic tubercle, while femoral hernia is below it.

    Acetabulum

    • Articular part organized by a 'Y' shaped line, formed by three fused bones.

    Femur Anatomy

    • The femur is smooth, except for the linea aspera on the posterior surface.
    • Notable parts include the Head, Greater Trochanter, Intertrochanteric Line, and Lesser Trochanter.

    Aims & Objectives

    • Understand the basic functions of the lower limb: support, weight-bearing, and locomotion.
    • Familiarize with different regions of the lower limb and their corresponding bones.
    • Identify major joints: hip, knee, and ankle.
    • Study various bones and their important landmarks for surface marking.

    Organization of Lower Limb

    • Divided into four regions, identified by three main joints:
      • Gluteal (buttock)
      • Thigh
      • Leg
      • Foot

    Major Joints of the Lower Limb

    • Hip Joint
    • Knee Joint
    • Ankle Joint

    Bones of the Lower Limb

    • Hip Bone (1)
    • Femur (1)
    • Patella (1) - also known as kneecap, classified as a sesamoid bone.
    • Tibia (1) - thick, medial bone supporting most body weight.
    • Fibula (1) - lateral bone alongside the tibia.
    • Tarsals (7) - connects to meet the metatarsals.
    • Metatarsals (5) - articulate with the toes.
    • Phalanges:
      • Proximal (5)
      • Intermediate (4)
      • Distal (5)
    • The big toe, or hallux, has only 2 phalanges.
    • Two sesamoid bones found in the tendon of the muscle to the big toe.

    Bones of the Gluteal Region & Thigh

    • Hip Bone Anatomy:

      • Composed of Il ilium, Pubis, and Ischium.
      • Acetabulum - the socket for the femur.

    • Sacroiliac Joint

    • Pubic Symphysis

    Ilium Anatomy

    • Iliac Tubercle, Iliac Crest, Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS), and Posterior Superior Iliac Spine notable structures.
    • Iliac Crest is the highest point, located at the L4 vertebra level.
    • Iliac Tubercle helps locate significant anatomy for procedures like lumbar puncture.

    Ischium and Pubis

    • Ischial Tuberosity found in the lower buttock, relevant in sitting position.
    • Pubic Bone:
      • Clinically important for diagnosing hernias.
      • Inguinal hernia is located above the pubic tubercle, while femoral hernia is below it.

    Acetabulum

    • Articular part organized by a 'Y' shaped line, formed by three fused bones.

    Femur Anatomy

    • The femur is smooth, except for the linea aspera on the posterior surface.
    • Notable parts include the Head, Greater Trochanter, Intertrochanteric Line, and Lesser Trochanter.

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    Related Documents

    Osteology of the Lower Limb (I & II) - Pre-Medical Program 3 - PDF
    Osteology of the Lower Limb (I & II) PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential functions and anatomy of the lower limb, including its four regions and major joints such as the hip, knee, and ankle. Participants will identify various bones and their landmarks while understanding their roles in support and locomotion.

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