Long-Term Regulation of Arterial Pressure NRAN 80413 Spring 2024 Ron Anderson, M.D. Quiz
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What is the primary function of the kidneys in regulating long-term blood pressure?

  • Controlling nervous and hormonal input
  • Regulating salt and water balance (correct)
  • Regulating total peripheral resistance
  • Regulating cardiac output

    • What is the Guyton model for long-term blood pressure regulation based on?

  • The interaction of the renal function curve and the salt and water intake curve (correct)
  • The interaction of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance
  • The interaction of nervous system control and renal function
  • The interaction of baroreceptor reflexes and hormonal regulation

    • How does an abrupt increase in total peripheral resistance affect long-term blood pressure according to the Guyton model?

  • It causes a gradual increase in blood pressure over time
  • It has no effect on long-term blood pressure
  • It causes a short-term increase in blood pressure that rapidly returns to normal (correct)
  • It causes a permanent increase in blood pressure

    • What is the mechanism by which increased arterial pressure leads to increased renal water loss?

    <p>Pressure diuresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which increased arterial pressure leads to increased renal salt loss?

    <p>Pressure natriuresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Guyton model, what are the two mechanisms available to move the equilibrium point of long-term blood pressure regulation?

    <p>Shifting the renal function curve and altering salt and water intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main determinant of extracellular fluid volume according to the text?

    <p>Increased fluid osmolality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism explains how a small increase in cardiac output leads to a much larger increase in arterial pressure?

    <p>Increased total peripheral resistance via autoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common result of impaired renal fluid excretion regarding chronic hypertension?

    <p>Renal injury or failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of volume-loading hypertension according to the text?

    <p>Decreased renal mass and increased salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In volume-loading hypertension, what is the consequence of increased arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance?

    <p>Normal fluid volume and cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased fluid volume in volume-loading hypertension?

    <p>Increased cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism underlying volume-loading hypertension?

    <p>Increased cardiac output initially, followed by a secondary increase in total peripheral resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hypertension?

    <p>It causes direct vasoconstriction and decreased salt/water excretion by the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between one-kidney and two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension?

    <p>One-kidney Goldblatt involves acute renal artery constriction, while two-kidney involves partial occlusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism underlying preeclampsia-induced hypertension?

    <p>Decreased nitric oxide and other vasodilators leading to vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of coarctation of the aorta-induced hypertension?

    <p>Hypertension proximal to the constriction and normotension distal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of neurogenic hypertension?

    <p>Sympathetic nervous system discharge due to excitation or anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism responsible for the transient increase in blood pressure following disruption of the baroreceptor nerves?

    <p>Loss of inhibitory impulses leading to an overactive vasomotor center and increased sympathetic outflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a hallmark characteristic of autonomic hyperreflexia?

    <p>Hypertension and reflex bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of primary hypertension?

    <p>Decreased renin-angiotensin system activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment approach for primary hypertension?

    <p>Drugs that increase renal vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following systems is involved in the rapid (seconds to minutes) regulation of blood pressure?

    <p>Baroreceptor reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about autonomic hyperreflexia is TRUE?

    <p>Its incidence is approximately 85% in injuries above T6</p> Signup and view all the answers

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