Logistique vs. Supply Chain Management
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Questions and Answers

Quel est l'objectif principal de la logistique dans un système de supply chain?

  • Améliorer la collaboration entre les fournisseurs
  • Accroître la visibilité des opérations
  • Réduire les coûts et minimiser les délais (correct)
  • Maximiser la valeur client
  • Quel élément n'est pas considéré comme une activité principale de logistique?

  • Gestion des stocks
  • Transport
  • Distribution
  • Planification de la production (correct)
  • Quel aspect n'est pas considéré comme un flux principal dans la Supply Chain?

  • Flux d'informations
  • Flux humains (correct)
  • Flux physiques
  • Flux financiers
  • La quelle des affirmations suivantes définit le mieux la gestion des stocks dans la logistique?

    <p>Optimisation des niveaux de stock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dans le contexte du Supply Chain Management, quelle est une caractéristique clé?

    <p>Vision holistique des maillons de la chaîne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle tendance en SCM permet d'améliorer les délais de réponse aux clients?

    <p>Accroître la visibilité des opérations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel type de logistique se concentre sur la gestion des retours de produits?

    <p>Logistique inversée</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parmi les options suivantes, laquelle reflète correctement la définition de la logistique?

    <p>Activité concentrée sur l'efficacité des flux de biens et d'informations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est un des résultats souhaités du Supply Chain Management?

    <p>Maximisation de la valeur client</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle composante n'est pas directement une partie du Supply Chain Management?

    <p>Production agricole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est un avantage des flux tirés (Pull) dans la production?

    <p>Évite les surstocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le principal risque associé à la stratégie Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI)?

    <p>Risque de surstock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel type d'incoterm signifie que le vendeur est responsable de tous les frais jusqu'à la livraison, y compris les droits de douane?

    <p>DDP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle est la définition d'un flux hybride dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement?

    <p>Combinaison de production réactive et proactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est un objectif des systèmes ERP dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement?

    <p>Optimiser les processus opérationnels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est un des avantages principaux du Just-in-Time dans la gestion des stocks?

    <p>Optimisation des ressources et réduction des stocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel type de chargement nécessite un consolidateur pour regrouper les marchandises de différents expéditeurs?

    <p>LCL (Less than Container Load)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est l'effet Bullwhip dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement?

    <p>Amplification des fluctuations de la demande</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le rôle principal des grossistes dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement?

    <p>Réapprovisionnement des détaillants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est un des avantages du Milk Run dans la logistique?

    <p>Efficacité transport optimisée</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Logistique vs. Supply Chain

    • Logistique: Focuses on efficient management of product/service, information, and financial flows. Key aspects include quantity, location, condition, timing, product type, and cost.
    • Supply Chain Management (SCM): Strategic approach managing all supply chain links, from suppliers to final customers. Includes procurement, production planning, inventory management, logistics, and customer service.
    • Key Difference: Logistics is a crucial operational component within SCM, while SCM adopts a broader, strategic viewpoint.

    Types of Logistics

    • Transportation Logistics: Management of goods movement.
    • Warehousing and Distribution Logistics: Management of storage and delivery infrastructure.
    • Inventory Management: Optimizing stock levels.
    • Supply Chain Planning: Organizing flows.
    • Reverse Logistics: Handling product returns.
    • Information Systems and Technology: Digital tools managing flows.
    • International Logistics: Coordinating global flows.

    Supply Chain Flows

    • Physical Flows:
    • Inbound: Raw materials to warehouse.
    • Outbound: Finished products to customers.
    • Information Flows: Orders, tracking (status, shipments, inventory).
    • Financial Flows: Payments, costs, cash flow.
    • Return Flows: Product and material returns.
    • Production Flows: Raw material transformation, different manufacturing stages.
    • Service Flows: Logistics services & customer service.

    Supply Chain Strategies

    • Pull System: Production starts based on customer orders.
    • Pros: Prevents overstocking.
    • Cons: Potential lead times.
    • Push System: Based on forecasts, products stored before orders.
    • Pros: Anticipates lead times, responds to uncertain demand.
    • Cons: Overstocking, high costs.
    • Hybrid System: Combines reactive (pull) and proactive (push) production.
    • Pros: Better responsiveness, reduced excessive stock.
    • Just-in-Time (JIT): Goods move when needed.
    • Pros: Reduces stock, optimizes resources.
    • Milk Run: Scheduled route for collecting/delivering goods.
    • Pros: Optimized transport efficiency, reduced transportation costs, improved coordination.
    • Cross-Docking: Immediate goods transfer without intermediate storage.
    • Pros: Minimized storage time, reduced stock levels, fast order fulfillment.
    • Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI): Supplier manages and replenishes customer stock directly.
    • Pros: Increased transparency and communication, optimal delivery based on demand.
    • Cons: Stock buildup risk, supplier cash flow.

    Distribution Strategies and Actors

    • Distribution Strategies: Exclusive (single outlet), Selective (limited outlets), Intensive (maximum presence).
    • Distribution Actors: Distributors (manufacturer relations, market analysis, sales & marketing), Wholesalers (bulk sales, retailer replenishment), Retailers (direct customer sales), Agents (dispatch management, customer relations).

    Risk Management and Sustainability

    • Risk Management: Exposure to risks (total risk faced by the organization), response time (speed of reaction to identified risk).
    • Sustainability in Supply Chain: Transparency and ethics, reducing environmental impact, improving reputation. Tools: supplier sustainability assessment, emission reduction initiatives.

    Tools and Technologies

    • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Integrates processes (inventory, orders, purchasing, finance). (e.g., SAP, SAGE)
    • Warehouse Management System (WMS): Operational warehouse management, optimizes stock.
    • Transportation Management System (TMS): Manages transportation.
    • Supplier Relationship Management (SRM): Tracks and manages supplier relationships.

    Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)

    • Definition: Optimizing relationships between a company and its suppliers.
    • Note: Opposite of CRM (Customer Relationship Management).
    • Objectives: Evaluating and managing supplier reliability, costs, compliance, and expertise risk.

    Risk Categories & Mitigation

    • Categories: Financial (exchange rates), Geopolitical (regional conflicts), Supply Chain Disruptions (delays, shortages).
    • Mitigation: Proactive planning and alternate supplier management.

    Supplier Categories (Example)

    • Category A: Low number of clients, High contribution (%)
    • Category B: Balanced
    • Category C: High number of clients, Low contribution (%)

    Incoterms (International Trade)

    • Objective: Defining rights and responsibilities of buyers and sellers in international (or national) exchanges.
    • Key Incoterms: FOB (Free on Board), CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight), DAP (Delivered at Place), DDP (Delivered Duty Paid).
    • Example: Product price €10, FOB = €10.30 (loading port charge), CIF = €10.50 (transport & insurance to arrival port).

    Logistics Intermediaries

    • Roles: Transport & insurance of goods, optimizing shipments (especially small quantities).
    • Key Actors: Insurers, Freight Consolidators (LCL).

    Freight Load Types

    • FCL (Full Container Load): Entire container filled.
    • LCL (Less than Container Load): Partial container, requiring a consolidator.

    Vocabulary (English)

    • Tariff: Customs duty.
    • Price list: List of prices.
    • Proforma invoice: Estimate, quote.
    • Delays: Delays.
    • Time scale: Timeframe.

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    Description

    Ce quiz explore les concepts de la logistique et de la gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. Il aborde les différences, les types de logistique et les étapes de gestion impliquées. Testez vos connaissances sur les stratégies logistiques essentielles et leur rôle dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement.

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