Logical Fallacies and Public Speaking Skills
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Logical Fallacies and Public Speaking Skills

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of an ad hominem fallacy?

  • A logical fallacy that is a tactic to discredit an opponent's character (correct)
  • A logical fallacy restating an argument
  • A speech with persuasive arguments
  • A type of logical reasoning

    • What is circular logic?

    A logical fallacy restating an argument rather than actually proving it or disproving it.

    What are constituents?

    A candidate's voters.

    What defines a debate?

    <p>An argumentative speech with both sides presenting reasons for a position on an issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does discernment refer to?

    <p>The state of being aware or perceptive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a gaffe?

    <p>A spoken mistake that causes embarrassment to the person who said it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an impromptu speech?

    <p>A speech where a speaker is given a short period of time to prepare and immediately presents it to an audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an inaugural speech indicate?

    <p>The start of a change in activity or office.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rebuttal?

    <p>A speech that cites reasons explaining why the opposing position is wrong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discernment is needed when interpreting the comments of others, including analyzing motives and attitudes when making ________.

    <p>judgments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Winners of formal, competitive debates are ________ for how persuasive and confident they are, or for their use of evidence and logic.

    <p>judged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Politicians use every type of media and rhetoric to promote themselves or _______ their opponents' popularity.

    <p>diminish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best illustrates the ethos appeal?

    <p>Stan Blackburn is a five-star general, and he knows about Afghanistan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best illustrates the pathos appeal?

    <p>Children are dying at the border because of their perilous journeys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best illustrates the logos appeal?

    <p>With a 95% approval rating, that candidate will probably win.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is an example of a gaffe?

    <p>Since this company polluted the river, they should be fine; I mean fined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is an example of circular logic?

    <p>Immigration is not good because people are coming to the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is an example of a hasty generalization?

    <p>Since my brother has attention deficit syndrome, I must have it, too.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is an example of an ad hominem fallacy?

    <p>In 1999, you worked for the Cheapy Siding Company that defrauded thousands of investors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington says he is nervous wondering about his vicissitudes, or ________, because he may not be healthy enough.

    <p>events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Because of his veneration, or ______, of his country, Washington will accept this role as President.

    <p>respect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington had been determined to seek to remain in asylum, or ______, for the sake of his health and his personal preference.

    <p>private retreat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington said he had despondence (sadness) because of the scrutiny, or ______, that he would receive over his lack of experience in administration.

    <p>inspection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What he avers, or _______, is that he is looking into what his duties will entail.

    <p>declares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington had transcendent, or ______, proof that the citizens had confidence in him.

    <p>exceptional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington makes supplications, or _______, for providential or 'heaven-sent' assistance.

    <p>prayers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington believes the United States has had divine assistance because of the ______ of its formation.

    <p>success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington believes the United States will continue its success because of the past events that presage, or ______, what may occur in the future.

    <p>foretell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When Washington says a 'new and free government can more auspiciously commence,' he means it will begin with _______.

    <p>favor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Overall, Washington's purpose and message is '______.'

    <p>With God's help I will do my best.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these are characteristics of the style of Washington's speech?

    <p>High-level vocabulary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sentence 2, when Washington refers to that 'constitutional charter under which you are assembled' and that defines 'your powers,' he is most likely speaking to the ______ who are in the audience.

    <p>members of Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    He says he is more congenial, or _______, to giving responsibilities to the people who have the rectitude, or morally correct thinking, to make decisions.

    <p>agreeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington says he will be unbiased in making decisions and not give way to political animosities, or _______.

    <p>hostilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    National policy will be made with immutable, or ______, moral values and the preeminence, or superiority, of free government.

    <p>unchanging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington says a rule of nature is the indissoluble, or _______, bond between being good and having joy as well as having magnanimous, or generous, policies that work to prosper citizens.

    <p>unbreakable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington says respecting values and universal laws will bring the propitious, or ________, 'smiles of Heaven.'

    <p>favorable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington reminds Congress of its power according to the Fifth Article of the Constitution to change it when it is necessary instead of being influenced by inquietude, or ______, against the system.

    <p>restlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington admonishes Congress that he has confidence in their discernment, or _______, to keep the government united and democratic.

    <p>awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    He wants the rights of freemen impregnably, or _______ fortified (protected).

    <p>securely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nation had been engaged in an arduous, or _____, battle to gain freedom; therefore, Washington did not ask for 'personal emoluments,' or compensation of any kind.

    <p>difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Washington wants to continue the unanimity, or _______, on the form of government they choose and continue the blessings that are conspicuous, or clear.

    <p>agreement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    He is calling for his audience to have temperate, or ______, interactions and use wisdom that will be necessary to keep the government together.

    <p>self-restrained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Since Washington keeps praying and lecturing about maintaining peace and using reason to ensure the stability of the government, he may have ______ about it.

    <p>doubts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It can be inferred that Washington wants to _______ the laws of the Constitution.

    <p>follow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mood after reading this speech can best be described as feeling _______.

    <p>cautious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reader can see that Washington's character is very _______ in how the government will be run.

    <p>submissive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Logical Fallacies

    • Ad Hominem Fallacy: Discredits an opponent by attacking their character instead of addressing the argument.
    • Circular Logic: Involves restating an argument without providing proof or a clear conclusion.

    Public Speaking Terms

    • Constituents: Refers to a candidate's voters or the electorate supporting them.
    • Debate: A structured argumentative discourse presenting opposing viewpoints on an issue.
    • Impromptu Speech: A spontaneous speech given with little preparation time.
    • Inaugural Speech: Marks the beginning of a new office or responsibility.

    Key Skills and Concepts

    • Discernment: The ability to perceive and assess situations critically.
    • Gaffe: An embarrassing mistake made verbally.
    • Rebuttal: A counterargument that explains why the opposing viewpoint is incorrect.

    Vocabulary in Context

    • Vicissitudes: Refers to life's ups and downs.
    • Veneration: Expresses deep respect or admiration.
    • Predilection: A person's preferred choice or inclination.
    • Immutable: Signifies something that does not change.

    Washington’s Speech Analysis

    • Character of Washington: Exhibits a respectful yet cautious stance towards governance, emphasizing moral integrity and collective responsibility.
    • Style Characteristics: Noted for long sentences and a positive tone, featuring high-level vocabulary.
    • Call to Action: Urges Congress to maintain unity and use discernment in governance.

    Emotional Appeals in Rhetoric

    • Ethos: Appeals to credibility; for example, citing authority in decision-making.
    • Pathos: Engenders emotional responses; statements about suffering evoke empathy.
    • Logos: Utilizes logical argumentation; statistical evidence supports claims.

    Fallacies and Logical Errors

    • Example of Circular Logic: Claims about immigration are based on unverified assumptions.
    • Hasty Generalization: Draws broad conclusions from limited evidence.
    • Gaffe Example: A slip of the tongue that alters a statement's meaning.

    Themes and Messages

    • Cumulative Understanding: Washington emphasizes the importance of understanding past experiences to navigate future decisions.
    • Moral Responsibility: Stresses the duty to adhere to ethical governance for the common good.
    • Community Support: Indicates belief in divine assistance and collective strength in facing challenges.

    Vocabulary Expansion

    • Conspicuous: Clearly visible or easily noticeable.
    • Arduous: Refers to tasks that are challenging and demanding.
    • Temperate: Associated with moderation and self-restraint in behavior.

    These notes encapsulate crucial terms, concepts, and analytical points from the material, providing a concise guide for effective studying.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of logical fallacies and essential public speaking terms. This quiz covers various concepts such as ad hominem fallacy, rebuttals, and key skills needed for effective communication. Perfect for anyone looking to improve their argumentative skills and public speaking abilities.

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