Untitled

• ICT stands for information and communication technology.

Introduction to ICT

• This chapter covers the nuances of online platforms, sites, and content.
• This chapter goes over online safety, security, ethics, and etiquette standards when using ICT.
• This chapter covers using the internet for credible research and information.

What is ICT?

• The term information and communication technology (ICT) refers to the technologies, both hardware and software, that enables humans to communicate with one another.
• ICT includes the use of computers, radio, television, cellular or mobile phones, network hardware and software, internet connection, satellite systems, and application needed for video conferencing and distance learning in education.

Components of ICT

• Cloud computing is a term generally used to describe data centers available to many users over the internet.
• Software is a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks.
• Hardware refers to the physical elements that make up a computer or electronic system including the monitor, hard drive, memory, and the CPU.
• Digital transactions are online or automated transactions that occur between people and organizations without the use of paper.
• Communications technology, also known as information technology, refers to all equipment and programs that are used to process and communicate information.
• Digital data represents other forms of data using specific machine language systems that can be interpreted by technologies.
• Internet access involves connecting to the internet using personal computers, laptops, or mobile devices by users or enterprises, and is subject to data signaling rates.

Uses of ICT

• ICT is used in Education
• ICT is used in Business
• ICT is used in Government
• ICT is used in Medicine
• ICT is used in Banking & Finance
• ICT is used in Entertainment
• ICT is used in Transportation

ICT in the Philippines

• There are 119 million mobile phone subscriptions in the Philippines.
• There are 47 million active Facebook accounts in the Philippines.
• Filipinos spend 3.2 hours online on mobile and 5.2 hours online on desktop/tablet.
• The Philippines is the fastest-growing app market in Southeast Asia and has the highest digital population in the world.
• The top online activities are social media, videos, online mobile games, location-based search, and online shopping.
• Filipinos have a fundamental need to stay connected with loved ones, friends, and relatives.
• The Philippines is dubbed the "ICT Hub of Asia" because of the huge growth of ICT-related jobs.
• One ICT-related job is Business Process Outsourcing, or call centers.

Emerging Technologies

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) makes computers work and act like humans.
• Robotics computer science and engineering creates devices that move and react to sensory input.
• Biometrics is a technology used to measure and analyze human body characteristics such as DNA, fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patterns, etc.
• Quantum cryptography is the science of encoding and decoding information or messages which depends on physics, not mathematics and is used for information privacy and security.
• Computer Assisted Translation uses computers to assist in the translations of one or more natural languages into another or others, and vice versa.
• 3D imaging and holography is a photographic technique that uses light to project objects in a way that appears three dimensional.
• Virtual reality describes a three-dimensional computer-generated environment that can be explored and interacted with by a person.

Common Online Platforms

• Social media is an application and website where users can communicate, create and share content, and participate in online communities.
• E-commerce is a collection of software technologies that allows merchants to create a storefront on the internet.
• An online learning platform is an incorporated set of interactive online services that provides the teachers, learners, parents, and others involved in the education sector with tools and resources to support and enhance the delivery management of education through the internet.
• An online video platform is a service providing end-to-end tools used to create, customize, publish, and manage videos online.

Online Safety

• Online safety refers to the practices and precautions that should be observed when using the internet to ensure that users, their computers, and personal information are safe from crimes associated with using the internet.
• Internet safety refers to the online security or safety of people and their information when using the internet.

Internet Risk

• Cyber bullying happens when someone is intentionally abused, harassed, and mistreated by another person using electronic communication.
• Sexting is the act of sending sexually explicit text messages, images, and videos.
• Cyber stalking is a criminal practice where electronic communication is used to stalk or harass an individual or group.
• Identity theft is a crime of stealing personal information to assume a person's name or identity in order to make any form of transactions.

Internet Threats

• Malware is any malicious software, program, or file that is harmful to a computer user.
• A virus is a malicious program designed to replicate itself and transfer from one computer to another via the internet, local networks, FDs, CDs, etc.
• Worms are a malicious program that copy itself and spreads to computers; an Example is the I Love You virus.
  • Onel de Guzman, 24 years old, studied at AMA computer college in Manila and created the "I LOVE YOU" virus/worms.
• A trojan is a malicious program accepted by the user as it disguises itself as a legitimate program but takes control of the user's computer.
• Spyware is a malicious program that gathers information from the victim's computer and sends it back to the hacker.
• Adware is an unwanted advertisement that pop ups several times on the victim's computer, then behave abnormally and becomes tedious to close.
• Ransomware is a ransom virus that blocks the user from accessing the programs or files and demands to pay the ransom through online method for the removal of the virus.
• Spam, also known as junk email, is an unwanted email sent by an advertiser or bot and can be used to spread malware.
• Phishing is a cyberattack method using deceptive emails and websites to acquire sensitive personal information.
• Cybercrime is a crime in which a computer is used as an object and tool in hacking, phishing, spamming, child pornography, libel, hate crimes, identity thief, and others.

Cyber Laws

• Republic Act 10627, or the Anti-Bullying Act of 2013, aims to protect children enrolled in kindergarten, elementary, and secondary schools and learning centers (collectively, "Schools") from being bullied.
• Republic Act 10175 OR Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, protects individuals from unwanted online cyber acts that may harm or evade one's privacy or integrity.

Netiquette

• Netiquette are the guidelines of acceptable behavior while using internet resources.
• Ten Rules of Netiquette:
  • Remember the human.
  • Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life.
  • Know where you are in cyberspace.
  • Respect other people's time and bandwidth.
  • Make yourself look good online.
  • Share expert knowledge.
  • Help keep flame wars under control.
  • Respect other people's privacy.
  • Don't abuse your power.
  • Be forgiving of other people's mistakes.

Online Search

• Online search is the process of interactively searching for and retrieving requested information via a computer from databases that are online.
• Interactive searches became possible in the 1980s with the advent of faster databases and smart terminals.