Live Attenuated Vaccine Advantages and Disadvantages Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal vaccine?

Inducing both humoral and cellular immunity

Providing long-lasting immunity

Inducing autoimmunity (correct)

Being easy to administer

What is the main purpose of a Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM)?

To monitor vaccine storage temperature (correct)

To enhance vaccine immunogenicity

To ensure vaccine affordability

To prevent vaccine freezing

Why is the Vaccine Cold Chain essential for maintaining vaccine quality?

To promote vaccine affordability

To induce autoimmunity in recipients

To make vaccines easy to store

To prevent vaccines from denaturing at high temperatures (correct)

What does the central square on a Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM) indicate about the vaccine?

It is still potent and effective Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common issue that Electronic Time-Temperature Indicators (ETTI) can detect but heat-detecting VVMs cannot?

Freezing of vaccines Signup and view all the answers

How does an ideal vaccine differ from vaccines that may induce autoimmunity or hypersensitivity?

Ideal vaccines do not cause autoimmunity or hypersensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of live attenuated vaccines?

They cause limited infection in hosts Signup and view all the answers

How are live attenuated vaccines altered to a non-pathogenic form?

By making them less virulent Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is desired for viral live attenuated vaccines?

Cell-mediated immunity Signup and view all the answers

In what form can live attenuated vaccines be given to individuals?

By injection or orally Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of using live attenuated vaccines as part of immunization programs?

To induce a strong immune response without causing disease Signup and view all the answers

How do live attenuated vaccines compare to infections with wild-type pathogens in terms of immune response?

Nearly as good Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) according to the text?

They stimulate the generation of memory cellular and humoral immune responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) mentioned in the text?

They cannot be safely given to immunosuppressed individuals Signup and view all the answers

How do live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) stimulate immune responses?

By inducing mucosal immunity and IgA synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if live attenuated vaccines are not stored properly?

They can revert to their virulent form Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical to properly store live attenuated vaccines?

To maintain their viability and effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

Why are live attenuated vaccines not suitable for immunosuppressed individuals?

Because they can cause serious illness or death in such individuals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Live Attenuated Vaccine (LAV)

Infectious microbes stimulate generation of memory cellular and humoral immune responses
Fewer quantities are needed to induce protection as they can multiply in the host
A single administration often produces long-lived immunity, eliminating the need for multiple booster doses
Whole microbes stimulate response to antigens in their natural conformation, raising immune response to all protective antigens
Some live vaccines can be given orally, inducing mucosal immunity and IgA synthesis, providing more protection at the site of entry
Oral preparations are less expensive than injections
They can lead to elimination of wild-type virus from the community

Advantages and Disadvantages of LAV

Advantages: stimulate generation of memory cellular and humoral immune responses, fewer quantities needed, long-lived immunity, oral administration, and elimination of wild-type virus
Disadvantages: may rarely revert to virulent form, cannot be given to immunosuppressed individuals, require proper storage, and can spread to contacts

Types of Vaccines

Live attenuated vaccine (LAV)
Inactivated or killed vaccines
Subunit or purified (antigen) vaccines
Recombinant vaccines
Conjugate (peptide) vaccines
DNA vaccines

Ideal Vaccine Characteristics

Immunogenic
Induces both humoral and cellular immunity
Does not induce autoimmunity or hypersensitivity
Provides long-lasting immunity
Safe and effective in all subjects (young and old)
Easy to store and stable in field conditions
Easy to administer
Combined and single dose
Affordable and accessible to all

Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM)

Thermochromic/temperature sensitive label on vaccine vials
Provides visual indication of whether the vaccine has been kept at a temperature that preserves its potency
Originally designed for delivering vaccines to developing countries where cold chain preservation is difficult
Can detect temperature changes, including freezing issues

Vaccine Cold Chain

System used for storing vaccines in good condition
Consists of links to keep vaccines potent
Maintains product quality from manufacture to administration by ensuring vaccines are stored and transported within WHO-recommended temperature ranges

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Description

Learn about the advantages and disadvantages of live attenuated vaccines, including their ability to stimulate immune responses and induce long-lived immunity with fewer doses. Understand why multiple booster shots may not always be necessary.