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Questions and Answers
During which period did Filipino writers make their first attempts at expression in the English language?
What type of writings were mostly produced in English during the Period of Orientation (1898-1909)?
When did the Period of Imitation take place?
What historical event marked the beginning of the Period of Orientation?
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In which period did Filipino literature in English express a nationalistic and rebellious spirit against American occupation?
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Which period saw the publication of writings in English by El Renacimiento and the Free Press?
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What did Jose Garcia Villa believe about art?
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What characterized pre-war poetry according to the text?
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What was encouraged through the short story contest by the Philippine Free Press?
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What characterized Filipino short stories written in English by the end of the 30’s?
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What did the US grant the Philippines on July 4, 1946?
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What started in the 1950’s in post-war poetry?
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Who pursued literature’s commitment to social problems through their work?
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Who stood above his contemporaries in post-war fiction according to the text?
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What did Francisco Sionil Jose start with The Pretenders?
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Who wrote many essays under the pen name Quijano de Manila?
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Which writer led the pack in making travel essays popular?
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Who declared Martial Law in September 1972?
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Who completed a trilogy of poetry books titled The Cave, The Archipel perspec?
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In which period did Richard Croghan divide Philippine literature into three periods?
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Which division was chronicled by Bienvenido Lumbera and Cynthia Nograles Lumbera in Philippine Literature: A History and Anthology (1982, revised 1997)?
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Who described Philippine Literature in English as 'Period of Diversity and Re-examination'?
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Who became members of the Manila Critics Circle?
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Who exhibited the western trends of naturalism and surrealism during the 1960s?
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During which period did Filipino writers adhere to conventional forms of literature and careful observance of grammar and rhetoric?
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Who is considered to have gained some measure of mastery far ahead of the period?
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Which period saw a deep attachment to the soil and a strong spirit of liberalism take possession of the writers?
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Who was the first Filipino biographer to write in English?
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Which period saw a largely journalistic literary output due to insincerity and limited publication opportunities?
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Which writer won the Pulitzer Prize and achieved international recognition during the Post-Liberation Period?
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Who published the novel 'Without Seeing the Dawn' during the Post-Liberation Period?
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Philippine literature in English began with the coming of the Americans in which year?
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Study Notes
Early Filipino Literature in English
- Filipino writers first attempted writing in English during the Period of Orientation (1898-1909).
- During this period, writings were mostly informative and expository, focusing on topics like history, education, and politics.
Period of Imitation
- This period took place from 1909 to the 1920s, characterized by imitation of Western literary styles.
Nationalistic Period
- From the 1920s to the 1930s, Filipino literature in English expressed a nationalistic and rebellious spirit against American occupation.
Literary Journals
- El Renacimiento and the Free Press published writings in English during the 1920s and 1930s.
Literary Movements
- Jose Garcia Villa believed that art should be for art's sake.
- Pre-war poetry was characterized by romanticism and emphasis on form.
- Short stories encouraged by the Philippine Free Press contest were mostly romantic and escapist.
- By the end of the 1930s, Filipino short stories in English were more realistic and socially conscious.
Historical Events
- The US granted the Philippines independence on July 4, 1946.
- The 1950s saw a shift in post-war poetry, focusing on social issues.
Notable Writers
- Writers like Francisco Arcellana and N.V.M. Gonzalez pursued literature's commitment to social problems.
- Edith Tiempo stood out in post-war fiction.
- Francisco Sionil Jose started the publishing company, Solidaridad, with The Pretenders.
- Nick Joaquín wrote many essays under the pen name Quijano de Manila.
- Gilda Cordero-Fernando popularized travel essays.
Historical Significance
- September 1972 marked the beginning of Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos.
Literary Periods
- Richard Croghan divided Philippine literature into three periods: Orientation, Imitation, and Commitment.
- Bienvenido Lumbera and Cynthia Nograles Lumbera chronicled Philippine literature in Philippine Literature: A History and Anthology (1982, revised 1997).
- Epifanio San Juan described Philippine Literature in English as 'Period of Diversity and Re-examination'.
Literary Trends
- The 1960s saw Filipino writers exhibiting western trends of naturalism and surrealism.
- The Period of Orientation (1898-1909) was characterized by adherence to conventional forms of literature and careful observance of grammar and rhetoric.
- N.V.M. Gonzalez was considered to have gained mastery far ahead of his period.
- The 1920s to the 1930s saw a deep attachment to the soil and a strong spirit of liberalism among writers.
Notable Works
- Stevan Javellana was the first Filipino biographer to write in English.
- The Post-Liberation Period saw a largely journalistic literary output due to insincerity and limited publication opportunities.
- Carlos P. Romulo won the Pulitzer Prize and achieved international recognition during the Post-Liberation Period.
- Stevan Javellana published the novel 'Without Seeing the Dawn' during the Post-Liberation Period.
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Description
Test your knowledge of literary philosophies with this quiz based on contrasting views from Jose Garcia Villa and an unidentified source. Explore the debate between art for art's sake and the role of art in improving the condition of humanity and defending freedom.
