Lipofuscin: Characteristics and Significance
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Questions and Answers

What is the likely cause of necrosis dystrophic calcification in the wall of the stomach?

  • Tissues being damaged (correct)
  • Destruction of bone tissue
  • Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone
  • Vitamin D intoxication

Where does metastatic calcification commonly occur in the body?

  • Blood vessels (correct)
  • Skin
  • Nervous system
  • Muscles

What is a common feature seen in tissues affected by metastatic calcification?

  • Blueish-purple calcium deposits (correct)
  • Red deposits
  • Calcium deposits only in damaged tissues
  • High serum calcium in the blood

Which condition can lead to hypercalcemia, a high level of serum calcium?

<p>Hyperparathyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In metastatic calcification, what is the principal cause associated with primary tumors of bone marrow?

<p>Destruction of bone tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism that can cause metastatic calcification?

<p>Systemic sarcoidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of metabolism abnormality is commonly associated with metastatic calcification?

<p>Calcium metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In metastatic calcification, where can the morphology be similar to that in dystrophic calcification?

<p>Interstitial tissues of blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lipofuscin composed of?

<p>Lipids and phospholipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process leads to the formation of lipofuscin?

<p>Free radical-catalyzed peroxidation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which tissues can lipofuscin be found as a function of age or atrophy?

<p>Heart, liver, and brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of lipofuscin in tissue sections?

<p>Yellow-brown, finely granular intracytoplasmic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lipofuscin in cells?

<p>Acts as a marker of past free-radical injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dystrophic calcification?

<p>Deposition of calcium salts in dead or degenerated tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can dystrophic calcification be observed in the body?

<p>&quot;Arteries in Atherosclerosis&quot; and &quot;Damaged heart valves&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"What process leads to dystrophic calcification?"

<p>&quot;Normal calcium metabolism and serum calcium levels&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the deposition of calcium salts in vital tissues due to abnormal calcium metabolism and high serum calcium levels?

<p>Metastatic Calcification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cause of metastatic calcification resulting from increased secretion of parathyroid hormone?

<p>Primary bone tumors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue location is commonly affected by metastatic calcification, showing a morphology similar to dystrophic calcification?

<p>Blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major principle cause of metastatic calcification associated with destruction of bone tissue?

<p>Primary tumors of bone marrow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition are irregular bluish-purple calcium deposits found in the submucosa of the stomach?

<p>Dystrophic Calcification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vitamin-related disorder can contribute to metastatic calcification?

<p>Vitamin D intoxication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic abnormality is commonly associated with metastatic calcification?

<p>Hypercalcemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of calcium deposits in the wall of an artery, as seen in necrosis dystrophic calcification?

<p>Yellowish deposits in the epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lipofuscin in cells?

<p>Serving as a marker of past free-radical injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which tissues can lipofuscin be commonly observed?

<p>Heart, liver, and brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes dystrophic calcification from metastatic calcification?

<p>Deposition in dead or degenerated tissues in dystrophic calcification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is commonly deposited along with calcium salts in pathologic calcification?

<p>Magnesium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does lipofuscin appear in tissue sections?

<p>Yellow-brown and finely granular intracytoplasmic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can an abundance of lipofuscin granules in tissue cause?

<p>Brown atrophy appearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of calcification occurs with normal calcium metabolism and serum calcium levels?

<p>Dystrophic calcification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of parathyroid hormone excess leading to hypercalcemia?

<p>Metastatic Calcification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most likely to cause the deposition of irregular bluish-purple calcium deposits in the submucosa of the stomach?

<p>Vitamin D-related disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a major principle cause of metastatic calcification in association with destruction of bone tissue?

<p>Primary tumors of bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of calcification, what is primarily responsible for the morphological similarities between dystrophic and metastatic calcification?

<p>Abnormal calcium metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is commonly deposited along with calcium salts in pathologic calcification?

<p>Phosphate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes necrosis dystrophic calcification from metastatic calcification?

<p>Underlying metabolic abnormalities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process leads to the formation of lipofuscin commonly found in cells?

<p>Lysosomal digestion of cellular components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition would lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism, potentially causing metastatic calcification?

<p>Renal failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between lipofuscin and pathologic calcification?

<p>Lipofuscin is not injurious to the cell while pathologic calcification can lead to cell death. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does lipofuscin appear under light microscopy in tissue sections?

<p>Yellow-brown and granular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of lipofuscin granules in cardiac myocytes as seen under electron microscopy?

<p>Perinuclear and intralysosomal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates dystrophic calcification from metastatic calcification?

<p>Dystrophic calcification occurs in tissues with abnormal calcium metabolism while metastatic calcification occurs in tissues with normal calcium metabolism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases may exhibit dystrophic calcification in affected arteries?

<p>Atherosclerosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What other minerals are commonly deposited along with calcium salts in pathologic calcification besides iron?

<p>Magnesium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of tissues can lipofuscin be observed as a function of age or atrophy?

<p>Heart, liver, and brain tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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