Linux Server Administration - NITLS501
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Questions and Answers

What are two primary responsibilities of a Linux administrator?

Maximizing OS performance and performing system backups.

List three common Linux distributions.

Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and Debian.

What are the three main parts of the Linux operating system?

Kernel, shell, and programs.

How does the shell function in the Linux environment?

<p>The shell acts as an interface between the user and the kernel, translating commands into executable actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kernel in the Linux operating system?

<p>The kernel interfaces with computer hardware and manages resources allocated to programs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one function that a Linux administrator performs after a system crash.

<p>Updating the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do error logs help Linux administrators to analyze?

<p>Error logs assist in conducting root analyses to identify and resolve issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can you name a shell used in Linux? Provide one example.

<p>Bash is one example of a shell used in Linux.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of groups in user management?

<p>Groups allow for simplified permissions management by enabling permission settings for all members at once.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command do you use to add a new user to the system?

<p>The command is <code>sudo adduser username</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you delete a user account while retaining their home directory?

<p>You can use the command <code>sudo userdel username</code> to delete the account; the home directory will remain intact by default.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to view all users in the system?

<p>You can view all users by executing <code>cat /etc/passwd</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the user expiration date?

<p>A user expiration date disables an account after a specified date, preventing login access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to set a user expiration date?

<p>You would use the command <code>sudo chage -E YYYY-MM-DD username</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you check a user's account expiration date?

<p>You can check the expiration date by using the command <code>sudo chage -l username</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example command to set an expiration date for user 'john' to December 31, 2024.

<p>The command is <code>sudo chage -E 2024-12-31 john</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command would you use to copy a file named 'image.jpg' from Downloads to Pictures?

<p>cp ~/Downloads/image.jpg ~/Pictures</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you verify that 'image.jpg' was successfully copied to the Pictures folder?

<p>By using the 'ls' command to list the files in the Pictures folder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'mv' command accomplish in file management?

<p>The 'mv' command is used to move files from one location to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the tilde symbol (~) in Linux commands?

<p>The tilde represents a shortcut to your home directory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you are deep in folders, how would you navigate back one folder level using Linux commands?

<p>You would use the command 'cd ..' to move up one level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'tree' command do in a Linux environment?

<p>The 'tree' command displays all folders and files in a structured format, like a tree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What actions are included in user management?

<p>Creating, modifying, and deleting user accounts, as well as managing user groups and roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command would you use to move 'image.jpg' from Downloads to Documents?

<p>mv ~/Downloads/image.jpg ~/Documents</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command can be used to list all running processes in detail on a Linux system?

<p>ps aux</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the steps to terminate a process in a graphical interface.

<p>Right-click on the process and select 'Kill Process'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to update the package list in Ubuntu?

<p>sudo apt update</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'top' command in Linux?

<p>'top' provides a real-time dynamic view of running processes, displaying CPU and memory usage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you remove a package and its configuration files in Ubuntu?

<p>Use the command 'sudo apt purge package-name'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What steps should you follow to install LibreOffice using the Ubuntu Software Center?

<p>Open Ubuntu Software, search for 'LibreOffice', and click 'Install'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if there are available updates for installed packages in Ubuntu?

<p>Click on the Updates tab in Ubuntu Software and select 'Install Now'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option in the 'ps' command shows processes for all users?

<p>'a'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information do you need to create a user account during Ubuntu installation?

<p>You need to enter your name, computer's name, username, and password.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps to initiate the Ubuntu installation process after entering user account details?

<p>Click 'Continue' to start the installation process, and the installer will begin copying files and configuring the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do once the installation process is complete?

<p>You should restart your computer and remove the USB drive when prompted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

After the restart, how do you access your new Ubuntu Desktop?

<p>You access it by entering your password at the Ubuntu login screen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Software Updater after installing Ubuntu?

<p>It is used to install any available software updates to keep the system secure and up to date.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool can you use to create a bootable USB drive for Ubuntu Server installation?

<p>You can use tools like Rufus, UNetbootin, or Etcher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the minimum hardware requirements for Ubuntu Server?

<p>The minimum requirements are a 1 GHz CPU, 512 MB RAM, and 2 GB storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to starting the installation from the USB drive?

<p>Insert the bootable USB drive into the machine and restart it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the command used in the Terminal to update the package list before installing LibreOffice?

<p>The command is <code>sudo apt update</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you launch LibreOffice after installation using the Terminal?

<p>You can launch LibreOffice by typing <code>libreoffice</code> in the Terminal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command would you use to create a new document named 'MyDocument.odt' in your Documents folder?

<p>The command is <code>libreoffice --writer ~/Documents/MyDocument.odt</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to downloading a video using youtube-dl?

<p>The first step is to install youtube-dl by running <code>sudo apt install youtube-dl</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Ubuntu Desktop, how do you connect to a Wi-Fi network?

<p>You open Network settings, select Wi-Fi, toggle it on, and then select your network to connect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system setting must be toggled on to ensure a wired connection is active?

<p>The Wired setting must be toggled on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What terminal command would you run to download a specific YouTube video identified by a URL?

<p>You would run <code>youtube-dl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abcd1234</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do after installing LibreOffice to start creating a document?

<p>After installation, type <code>libreoffice</code> or find it in the application menu.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Linux Server Administration - NITLS501

  • Competence: RQF Level 5, 10 credits, ICT and Multimedia, NETWORKING AND INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES
  • Learning Hours: 100
  • Module Type: Specific
  • Curriculum: ICTNIT5001 TVET Certificate V in Networking and Internet Technologies
  • Copyright: RWANDA TVET Board 2024
  • Issue Date: September 2024

Linux Server Requirements

  • Linux Admin: Similar to iOS and Windows admin, an operating system connecting internal hardware.
  • Linux Admin Responsibilities: Maximize OS performance, install, update after crashes/reboots, maintenance checks, backups, error log review, root analysis, process user complaints, and train other admins.
  • Linux Distribution: A complete operating system built around the Linux kernel. Includes Debian, OpenSUSE, Ubuntu, Red Hat enterprise Linux, Kali Linux, Slackware, MX Linux, Zypper, and Android.

Parts of Linux Operating System

  • Kernel: Lowest layer, interfaces directly with hardware, responsible for allocating and managing resources.
  • Shell: Acts as an interface between user and kernel, a command-line interpreter translating commands. Common shells include Bash, Zsh, Fish, and KornShell (ksh).
  • Programs: Various small programs for different needs, typically designed to do one specific task well. Linux features include simplified software updates, free software licensing, access to source code, multiple distributions, and better malware protection. 

Linux vs. Windows

  • Linux: Open-source, more secure, cheaper license fees, revives outdated computer systems, reliable, and easy to update, lightweight, and easy to manage.
  • Windows: Licensed operating system, designed for individuals with no computer programming knowledge and business or commercial users.

Users in Linux and Windows

  • Windows: Administrator, Standard, Child, Guest

  • Linux: Regular, Administrative, Service

  • Linux File Structure: Ordered in a tree structure, with the root directory.

  • Windows File Structure: Stored in folders on different data drivers (e.g., C:, D:, E:).

  • Linux Stability and Security: Stable and more secure than Windows, less susceptible to hacking. Windows, though widely used, is highly targeted by hackers. 

Components of Linux System

  • Kernel: Core, manages hardware, processes, and memory.
  • System Library: Specialized functions that applications use to access kernel features.
  • Shell: Command-line interface enabling user interaction with OS, executing commands, running scripts, and managing files.
  • System Utility: Programs responsible for specialized individual-level tasks.

Advantages of Linux

  • Open Source: Permission to contribute, edit, and improve the source code.
  • Secure: Compared to Windows, less susceptible to attacks.
  • Low License Fees: Unlike Windows and macOS, no explicit license costs.
  • Revives Old Systems: Utilizes old technologies (firewalls, backup servers, low-end systems) to revive outdated PCs.
  • Reliable: Known for reliability and trustworthiness, well-supported by security updates
  • Easy to Update: Quicker and simpler software updates compared to Windows
  • Lightweight: Portable systems.
  • Easy to Manage: Customizability allows the addition/removal of features, icon sets, and wallpapers without restarting.

Limitations of Linux

  • Compatibility: Limited hardware support, possible incompatibility issues.
  • Steep Learning Curve: Especially for those unfamiliar with the command line.
  • Software Interoperability: Not all software readily available; sometimes requires user finding workarounds.
  • Lack of Standardization: Differences in package formats among Linux distributions create compatibility issues.
  • Limited Commercial Support: Compared to other OSes, commercial support options may be restricted .
  • Limited Gaming Support: Gaming support may be limited; many games are not natively developed for it.

Applications of Linux Server OS

  • Web Servers
  • Mail Servers
  • Database Servers
  • File Servers

Linux Server Selection Criteria - Hardware Requirements

  • CPU: Compatible x86 64-bit processor
  • Memory: At least 4GB RAM
  • Disk Space: 20GB
  • Graphics: Device with OpenGL support (e.g., Intel HD/UHD Graphics)
  • Network: Active internet connection

Selection of Tools and Equipment

  • Hardware Tools: Server, Network Interface Cards (NICs), Storage Devices (HDDs, SSDs, NAS), Rackmount Equipment, Keyboard and Mouse, Monitor, Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), Cable Management, Racks, and Cabinets.
  • Software Tools: Operating System (Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, Fedora), SSH Client, Terminal Emulator, Text Editor, Package Manager, System Monitoring Tools, Configuration Management Tools, Scripting Languages, Database Management Systems (DBMS), Web Servers, Virtualization Software.

Installation of Linux OS

  • Choose Linux Distribution (Ubuntu, Fedora, Debian)
  • Create Bootable USB/DVD
  • Backup Data
  • Boot from USB/DVD
  • Configure Language & Region
  • Configure Keyboard Layout
  • Configure Wi-Fi
  • Set up User Account(s)
  • Install Ubuntu
  • Post-Installation Setup

Linux Commands (File System Navigation)

  • pwd : Shows current location.
  • ls : Lists files and folders.
  • cd : Changes working directory.
  • mkdir : Creates new folder.
  • rmdir : Removes empty folder.
  • cp : Copies a file.
  • mv : Moves or renames a file.
  • ~ (tilde): Shortcut to home folder.
  • . (dot): Current directory.
  • .. (double dot) : Parent directory.
  • tree : Displays file and folder structure.

User Management

  • UID (User ID): Unique number identifying each user.
  • GID (Group ID): Uniquely identifies a group.
  • Common Commands: adduser, userdel, passwd, chage, groupadd, usermod (for adding, deleting, changing passwords, managing user expiration date, and adding/removing users from groups).
  • Important Files: /etc/passwd, /etc/group

Permission Management

  • File Permissions: Read (r), Write (w), Execute (x) for Owner, Group, and Others (symbolic notation).
  • Common Commands: chmod (for changing permissions) using symbolic and octal notation

Process Management (monitoring and controlling running processes).

  • Common Commands: ps (listing processes), top (real-time view)

Package Management (installing, updating, removing software).

  • Common Commands: apt (package manager for Debian-based systems: update, upgrade, install, remove packages).
  • Software Center: Graphical interface for installing packages.

Networking (managing network settings)

  • Common Commands: ifconfig (deprecated in modern systems), ip addr (for modern systems), nmcli, iwconfig
  • Network Troubleshooting: Using system logs and checking internet connectivity to resolve issues.

System Configuration

  • Adjusting System Settings: optimizing system performance and usability including Display settings, Power settings, and User account management.

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Description

Test your knowledge of Linux Server Administration in this quiz. Covering key concepts, responsibilities, and distributions of the Linux operating system, this quiz is designed for those in ICT and Multimedia networking. Perfect for students pursuing a TVET Certificate V in Networking and Internet Technologies.

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