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What does semantics primarily deal with?
What does semantics primarily deal with?
- The emotional tone of voice
- The meaning conveyed by language (correct)
- The pronunciation of words
- The grammatical structure of language
Pragmatics involves how we use language differently depending on our audience.
Pragmatics involves how we use language differently depending on our audience.
True (A)
What are World Englishes?
What are World Englishes?
Varieties of English from different regions of the world.
Semantics helps us understand phrases like 'cold feet' as being related to ______ rather than temperature.
Semantics helps us understand phrases like 'cold feet' as being related to ______ rather than temperature.
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
What does discourse competence primarily involve?
What does discourse competence primarily involve?
Phonology studies the meaning of words in a language.
Phonology studies the meaning of words in a language.
What is the smallest unit of sound in a language called?
What is the smallest unit of sound in a language called?
The study of the smallest units of meaning is known as ______.
The study of the smallest units of meaning is known as ______.
Which example demonstrates strategic competence?
Which example demonstrates strategic competence?
Syntax refers to the rules that govern sentence structure.
Syntax refers to the rules that govern sentence structure.
Name one of the components of grammar.
Name one of the components of grammar.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
What is linguistics primarily defined as?
What is linguistics primarily defined as?
Linguists make value judgments about how language should be used.
Linguists make value judgments about how language should be used.
What does the term 'empirical' refer to in linguistics?
What does the term 'empirical' refer to in linguistics?
Linguists have a _____ approach to language.
Linguists have a _____ approach to language.
Match the following components of grammar with their definitions:
Match the following components of grammar with their definitions:
Which of the following theories in language study emphasizes innate abilities?
Which of the following theories in language study emphasizes innate abilities?
Communicative competence includes only linguistic knowledge.
Communicative competence includes only linguistic knowledge.
What are NESTs in the context of World Englishes?
What are NESTs in the context of World Englishes?
Which type of English speaker typically has high confidence in language use?
Which type of English speaker typically has high confidence in language use?
Kachru's Concentric Circles model includes three circles: Inner, Outer, and Expanding.
Kachru's Concentric Circles model includes three circles: Inner, Outer, and Expanding.
What does ESL stand for in the context of Kachru's Concentric Circles model?
What does ESL stand for in the context of Kachru's Concentric Circles model?
The ______ Circle includes countries where English is considered a foreign language.
The ______ Circle includes countries where English is considered a foreign language.
Match the following Circles with their descriptions:
Match the following Circles with their descriptions:
Which group may struggle with insecurity regarding their language skills?
Which group may struggle with insecurity regarding their language skills?
Learners in the Outer Circle primarily use English for informal communication.
Learners in the Outer Circle primarily use English for informal communication.
What accent-related benefit do NESTs typically provide to learners?
What accent-related benefit do NESTs typically provide to learners?
What is communicative competence according to Dell Hymes?
What is communicative competence according to Dell Hymes?
Dell Hymes believed that knowing grammar was sufficient for effective communication.
Dell Hymes believed that knowing grammar was sufficient for effective communication.
Name one component of communicative competence.
Name one component of communicative competence.
The model established by Dell Hymes emphasizes that language use is tied to ______ and human understanding.
The model established by Dell Hymes emphasizes that language use is tied to ______ and human understanding.
Match the components of communicative competence with their definitions:
Match the components of communicative competence with their definitions:
Which aspect is NOT part of linguistic competence?
Which aspect is NOT part of linguistic competence?
The term 'communicative competence' was coined by Noam Chomsky.
The term 'communicative competence' was coined by Noam Chomsky.
What does sociolinguistic competence encompass?
What does sociolinguistic competence encompass?
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Study Notes
Linguistics: The Science of Language
- Linguistics is the scientific study of language, employing systematic, empirical observations of language use.
- It uses a descriptive approach, focusing on how language is used rather than prescribing how it should be used.
Language Definitions & Theories
- Various linguists offer different definitions of language.
- Language acquisition theories include behaviorist, innatist/nativist, cognitivist, and interactionist perspectives.
Macro Skills of Language
- The provided text does not explicitly list macro skills. More information is needed.
Communicative Competence (Hymes)
- Dell Hymes emphasized communicative competence, the ability to use language appropriately in social contexts.
- This includes linguistic, sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic competence.
Components of Grammar
- Phonetics and Phonology: Study of speech sounds and their patterns.
- Morphology: Study of the smallest units of meaning (morphemes).
- Syntax: Study of sentence structure and word order.
- Semantics: Study of meaning in language.
- Pragmatics: Study of language use in context and achieving communicative goals.
World Englishes
- World English: Used in international contexts like business and diplomacy.
- World Englishes: Varieties of English developed in different regions.
- Differences between Standard, Philippine, and other World Englishes are noted, but specifics are not provided.
- NESTs (Native English Speaking Teachers) and NNESTs (Non-Native English Speaking Teachers) offer contrasting teaching styles and strengths.
Kachru's Concentric Circles Model
- This model illustrates the global spread of English.
- Inner Circle (ENL): Countries where English is a native language (e.g., UK, USA, Australia).
- Outer Circle (ESL): Countries where English is a second language, often with official status (e.g., India, Nigeria).
- Expanding Circle (EFL): Countries where English is a foreign language, used primarily for international communication (e.g., China, Japan).
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