Language Acquisition and Learning
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Questions and Answers

What is the first language level children typically learn?

  • Lexis
  • Phonology (correct)
  • Syntax
  • Grammar

    • At what age do children typically enter the one word stage?

  • 18 months
  • 24 months
  • 6 months
  • 12 months (correct)

    • What is the term for a child's grammatical mistake that still makes sense?

  • Honest mistake
  • Virtuous error (correct)
  • Virtuous mistake
  • A boo boo

    • Which theory do virtuous errors support?

    <p>Nativist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggested that children learn language by imitating adults?

    <p>Skinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

    <p>Ok, you can have some juice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Vygotsky suggest is essential to language acquisition?

    <p>Interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Chomsky's review of Skinner's work, he argued that operant conditioning is inefficient because it relies on what?

    <p>Imitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of human language?

    <p>Language is a social tool.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is language acquisition different from language learning?

    <p>Language acquisition occurs naturally through exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between language sounds and their meanings?

    <p>They are arbitrary and dual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of language does expressive language refer to?

    <p>Speaking, writing, or signing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about language as a system?

    <p>Language has rules and structures that organize communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of language according to the content?

    <p>To build relationships with others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of language focuses on understanding what is said, written, or signed?

    <p>Receptive language.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does language represent according to Bowen?

    <p>The symbolization of thought.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized by the behaviorist theory in terms of learning language?

    <p>Language is learned through habit formation influenced by social surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do rewards play in the behaviorist learning process according to the content?

    <p>Rewards encourage acceptable language use and reinforce correct utterances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is described by the behaviorist theory in the context of children’s language development?

    <p>Language learning is a trial-and-error process influenced by external feedback.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to behaviorist theory, by what age do children's babblings typically develop into more socialized speech?

    <p>By the age of five or six.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the outcome of trial-and-error learning in language acquisition?

    <p>Children gradually learn to make finer discriminations in their speech.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of language learning does behaviorist theory primarily focus on?

    <p>Habit formation through reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In behaviorist theory, what happens when unacceptable utterances are made by children?

    <p>They are inhibited by the lack of reward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common error children make as they develop language skills according to the behaviorist perspective?

    <p>Creating incorrect grammatical forms like *goed for went.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does imitation play in children's acquisition of verbal behavior?

    <p>Children acquire a good deal of their verbal behavior by imitating adults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of Halliday's functions of language?

    <p>Hesitant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of Halliday's language functions does a child primarily use language to influence the behavior of others?

    <p>Regulatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of language categorized as 'Heuristic' in Halliday's taxonomy?

    <p>To explore and learn about the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function allows children to form social relationships and enhance interaction?

    <p>Interactional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Halliday's 'Imaginative' function of language manifest in children's behavior?

    <p>Through storytelling and creating imaginary worlds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of language addresses the need for announcing oneself and expressing identity?

    <p>Personal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of language acquisition does Halliday's theory emphasize?

    <p>The increasing range of language functions in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of language is primarily used to express individuality?

    <p>Personal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of regulatory language?

    <p>To control behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions of language involves questioning and inquiry?

    <p>Heuristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which classroom experience would you primarily use interactional language?

    <p>Structured play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of language allows someone to convey messages about the real world?

    <p>Representational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical example of imaginative language?

    <p>Telling a story</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of instrumental language?

    <p>Please help me.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key function of language demonstrated when someone expresses a desire to learn more about a topic?

    <p>Heuristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Language and Learning

    • Language is a significant aspect of culture, intertwined with human biology.
    • Language can be defined as the process of exchanging messages and creating meaning.

    Characteristics of Human Language

    • It’s a tool for communication and identity.
    • People learn language.
    • There is an arbitrary connection between the sound of a language and its meaning.
    • Language follows rules.
    • It enables people to be creative.

    Language Acquisition vs. Language Learning

    • Language Acquisition is about acquiring a language naturally, like learning a native language.
    • Language Learning refers to conscious, deliberate effort to learn a second/foreign language.

    Theories of Language Acquisition

    • Behaviorist theory suggests that language is learned through imitation and reinforcement.
    • It views language learning as a habit formation process.
    • Children learn language through a trial and error process, where positive responses are reinforced.

    Naturalistic Approach

    • Suggests that children possess an innate capacity for language learning.
    • Children learn language through interaction and experience.
    • A “language acquisition device” enables children to map language onto their understanding.

    Stages of Language Acquisition

    • One-word stage: occurs around 12 months.
    • Two-word stage: occurs around 18 to 24 months.

    Functional Approach

    • This approach examines the different functions of language as a tool for communication.
    • It considers language as a means to achieve specific goals.

    Halliday's Functions of Language

    • Instrumental: used to meet basic needs, like requesting food or comfort.
    • Regulatory: used to influence others, like giving commands or making requests.
    • Interactional: used to build relationships and interact socially.
    • Personal: used to express individuality and personal thoughts.
    • Representational: used to convey information and share knowledge.
    • Heuristic: used to learn and explore the environment through questions and answers.
    • Imaginative: used to explore the imagination and creativity through play and stories.

    Functional Approach in the Classroom

    • Encouraging problem-solving and gathering materials for tasks (Instrumental).
    • Facilitating discussions and group interactions (Interactional).
    • Creating stories, poems, and riddles (Imaginative).
    • Developing rules for games (Regulatory).

    Importance of Halliday’s Theory

    • Provides a framework for understanding how children use language in different contexts.
    • This framework offers teachers a way to design activities that foster different functions of language.

    Summary

    • The text focuses on the nature of language and learning.
    • It explores different theories of language acquisition including Behaviorist, Naturalistic, and Functional approaches.
    • The text dives deep into Halliday's theory, highlighting its importance for understanding language acquisition and learning.
    • The study of language acquisition and learning is crucial for understanding how children develop language and how to best support their language development.

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    Module-Principles-and-Theories-of-Language-Acquisition-and-Learning PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the intricacies of language acquisition and learning processes. It covers key characteristics of human language, theories of how we acquire languages, and the differences between natural language acquisition and formal language learning. Perfect for students interested in linguistics and communication.

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