Linear Pharmacokinetics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between administering a drug for 5 half-lives continuously and its serum concentrations?

  • Serum concentrations equal 100% of steady-state values
  • Serum concentrations equal ~95% of steady-state values (correct)
  • Serum concentrations equal ~90% of steady-state values
  • Serum concentrations achieve ~99% of steady-state values

    • What term is used to describe the dosage interval for a drug, which is determined by the drug's half-life?

  • Therapeutic index
  • Therapeutic range
  • Half-time
  • Dosing interval (correct)

    • Which formula is used to calculate the drug's half-life based on its clearance (Cl) and volume of distribution (V)?

  • $t_{1/2} = (0.693 ⋅ Cl)/V$
  • $t_{1/2} = Cl/V$
  • $t_{1/2} = V/Cl$
  • $t_{1/2} = (0.693 ⋅ V)/Cl$ (correct)

    • What will happen to the half-life of a drug if there is an increase in its volume of distribution?

    <p>Half-life will decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between administering a drug for 3 half-lives continuously and its serum concentrations?

    <p>Serum concentrations are ~90% of steady-state values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parameter can affect both the half-life and elimination rate constant of a drug?

    <p>Clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the elimination rate constant (ke) for a drug increases, what happens to the drug's half-life?

    <p>Half-life decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the dosage interval for a drug according to the provided text?

    <p>$Cl and V$ of the agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the volume of distribution (V) and the loading dose (LD) required to achieve a particular steady-state drug concentration?

    <p>The loading dose is directly proportional to the volume of distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the volume of distribution (V) relate to the concentration of drug in the blood or serum (C) and the amount of drug in the body?

    <p>V is a hypothetical volume that relates the concentration of drug in the blood or serum to the amount of drug in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theophylline maintenance dose required to achieve a steady-state theophylline serum concentration of 10 μg/mL if the theophylline clearance is 3 L/h?

    <p>30 mg/h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If 100 mg of a drug is given to each of two patients, and one patient has a smaller volume of distribution than the other, what will be the resulting drug concentrations in the two patients?

    <p>The resulting concentration will be 10 mg/L in the patient with the smaller volume of distribution, and 1 mg/L in the patient with the larger volume of distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the volume of distribution (V) of a drug?

    <p>The extent of drug distribution into bodily tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the binding of a drug in the blood or serum compared to its binding in tissues affect the volume of distribution (V)?

    <p>The volume of distribution is directly proportional to the degree of drug binding in the tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs would be expected to have a larger volume of distribution?

    <p>Digoxin, with a volume of distribution of 500 L.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why a drug with a larger volume of distribution would have a lower resulting concentration than a drug with a smaller volume of distribution, if the same dose is given to both patients?

    <p>Drugs with larger volumes of distribution distribute more widely throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has a steady-state drug concentration of 20 μg/mL at a dosage rate of 200 mg/h, what would be the expected steady-state concentration if the dosage rate is increased to 300 mg/h, assuming linear pharmacokinetics?

    <p>30 μg/mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is known to follow Michaelis-Menten (saturable) pharmacokinetics?

    <p>Both phenytoin and salicylic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a drug follows nonlinear pharmacokinetics and the steady-state concentration increases less than expected after a dosage increase, what could be a possible explanation?

    <p>Induction of metabolizing enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a plot of steady-state concentration versus dose yields a curved line, what type of pharmacokinetics does the drug follow?

    <p>Nonlinear pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about linear pharmacokinetics is incorrect?

    <p>Elimination processes become saturated at higher doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a drug follows Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetics and the steady-state concentration increases more than expected after a dosage increase, what is the most likely explanation?

    <p>Saturation of elimination processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a drug follows linear pharmacokinetics, what is the expected relationship between steady-state concentration and dose?

    <p>Steady-state concentration is directly proportional to dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about nonlinear pharmacokinetics is incorrect?

    <p>A plot of steady-state concentration versus dose is a straight line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for warfarin's small volume of distribution?

    <p>It is highly bound to serum albumin, resulting in a small free fraction in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does digoxin have a very large volume of distribution?

    <p>It is very highly bound to tissues, primarily muscle, leading to a large volume of distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When drugs that follow linear pharmacokinetics are administered, how do serum concentrations decline over time?

    <p>Serum concentrations decline in a curvilinear fashion after the absorption and distribution phases are complete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the elimination phase represent in the serum concentration-time curve?

    <p>The linear part of the curve after the absorption and distribution phases are complete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the elimination rate constant (ke) represent?

    <p>The terminal slope of the serum concentration-time curve after the absorption and distribution phases are complete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the half-life (t1/2) and the elimination rate constant (ke)?

    <p>t1/2 = 0.693 / ke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the time to reach steady-state during continuous dosing of a drug?

    <p>The drug's half-life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the half-life determine in terms of drug dosing?

    <p>The dosage interval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equation can be used to calculate half-life in pharmacokinetics for drugs that follow linear pharmacokinetics?

    <p>t1/2 = (0.693 V)/Cl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the half-life of a drug change with dosage or concentration changes for drugs following Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetics?

    <p>It increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pharmacokinetics, how is bioavailability defined?

    <p>The fraction of administered dose that reaches systemic circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is bioavailability measured for drugs following linear pharmacokinetics?

    <p>By taking the ratio of AUCPO to AUCIV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to drug serum concentrations once the rate of absorption equals the rate of elimination during drug administration?

    <p>They peak at Cmax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For drugs following Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetics, what effect does an increase in doses or concentrations have on clearance?

    <p>It decreases clearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between clearance and half-life in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>Clearance and half-life are inversely related.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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