22 Questions
Which process is riboflavin supposed to exhibit?
Capacity limited absorption
What happens to the elimination half-life as the dose of a drug exhibiting capacity-limited elimination is increased?
It becomes greater
What characteristics are exhibited by drugs that demonstrate saturation kinetics?
Apparent first-order kinetics
What does the Michaelis-Menten equation commonly describe?
Kinetics of in-vitro, in-situ, and certain in-vivo processes
When are first-order kinetics expected at low plasma concentration?
When Km is larger than the plasma concentration achieved
What happens to first-order kinetics at high plasma concentration?
They are not seen
At normal therapeutic concentrations, what type of rate processes do most drugs follow?
First-order rate processes
Which drugs tend to saturate the hepatic mixed function oxidases at higher therapeutic doses?
Phenytoin and salicylates
What happens to elimination kinetics with very small doses of drugs that tend to saturate enzymatic processes?
They become apparent first-order kinetics
What happens to drug concentration in the blood once an elimination process is saturated?
It increases rapidly
What does a plot of the areas under the plasma level-time curves at various doses indicate if it's linear?
The drug follows dose-independent kinetics
What does Eqn 4 describe according to the text?
First order kinetics
What term is used to describe the non-linear pharmacokinetic behavior observed when different doses or multiple doses of a drug are given?
Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics
Which specialized process may become saturated when drugs are given at therapeutic levels?
Zero-order kinetics
What can cause deviations from the linear pharmacokinetic profile observed with single low doses of a drug?
Increased doses or chronic medication
Which drugs may cause alterations in renal drug excretion and exhibit non-linearity at high doses?
Aminoglycosides
What does the term 'capacity limited elimination' refer to in pharmacokinetics?
Saturation of enzymes and active transport systems for the drug
What may alter biliary excretion and cause non-linear pharmacokinetic behavior?
Obstruction of the bile duct
What is the term used for the transformation from essentially first-order kinetics to a mixture of first-order and zero-order rate processes?
Mixed-order kinetics
What processes of drug involve enzymes or carrier-mediated systems?
Biotransformation and excretion
What is another term for non-linear pharmacokinetic behavior observed with different doses or multiple doses of a drug?
Dose-dependent kinetics
What may cause deviations from the linear pharmacokinetic profile observed with single low doses of a drug?
Chronic medication
Test your knowledge of pharmacokinetic models and their application to drug dosing. Explore the concepts of linear and non-linear pharmacokinetics, including how different doses and chronic medication can impact drug behavior.
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