Linear Momentum Definition
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Questions and Answers

What is the linear momentum of an object defined as?

  • its mass times its velocity (correct)
  • its mass squared divided by its velocity
  • its velocity squared divided by its mass
  • its velocity divided by its mass

    • What is the relationship between linear momentum and velocity?

  • Linear momentum is proportional to velocity squared
  • Linear momentum is inversely proportional to velocity
  • Linear momentum is directly proportional to velocity (correct)
  • Linear momentum is inversely proportional to velocity squared

    • What is the difference between kinetic energy and linear momentum?

  • Kinetic energy is a scalar, while linear momentum is a vector (correct)
  • Kinetic energy is proportional to velocity, while linear momentum is proportional to velocity squared
  • Kinetic energy is proportional to velocity squared, while linear momentum is proportional to velocity
  • Kinetic energy is a vector, while linear momentum is a scalar

    • What happens to the momentum of an object if its mass and velocity are increased?

    <p>The momentum increases by the same amount</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the analogy of linear momentum in rotational motion?

    <p>Angular momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the term 'proportional' used in the context of linear momentum?

    <p>Because momentum is directly proportional to mass and velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of linear momentum?

    <p>Kilogram-meters per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mathematically stated form of Newton's second law?

    <p>F = Δp / Δt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of multiplying both sides of Newton's second law by Δt?

    <p>FΔt = Δp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force applied to an object for some amount of time?

    <p>Impulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total momentum of a system with no external forces?

    <p>Conserved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial momentum of the cue ball in the cue ball example?

    <p>0.05 kg m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the change in velocity of the cue ball after the collision with the 8-Ball?

    <p>0.32 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final velocity of the 8-Ball after the collision with the cue ball?

    <p>0.10 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total momentum of the system after the explosion of the star?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of motion is the linear momentum related to?

    <p>Translational motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct mathematical representation of the linear momentum equation?

    <p>p = mv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of linear momentum that distinguishes it from kinetic energy?

    <p>It is a vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does an increase in mass or velocity result in a corresponding change in momentum?

    <p>Because momentum is directly proportional to mass and velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between linear momentum and the velocity of an object?

    <p>Momentum is directly proportional to velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of increasing both mass and velocity of an object?

    <p>The momentum increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct statement about the direction of linear momentum?

    <p>It is always in the same direction as the velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind the conservation of momentum in a system with no external forces?

    <p>The total initial momentum is equal to the total final momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the impulse-momentum theorem?

    <p>A force applied to an object causes a change in its velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the 8-Ball move faster than the cue ball after the collision?

    <p>Because the 8-Ball is lighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the total momentum of the system after the explosion of the star?

    <p>It is zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the impulse and the change in momentum?

    <p>The impulse is equal to the change in momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the assumption made in the cue ball example about the mass of the system?

    <p>The mass of the system is constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the collision between the cue ball and the 8-Ball?

    <p>The cue ball stops moving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the total momentum of the system conserved in the star example?

    <p>Because the particles fly off in opposite directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Linear Momentum Definition

    • Linear momentum (p) is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity
    • Generally, 'momentum' refers to linear momentum

    Linear Momentum Equation

    • The linear momentum equation is p = mv, where p is proportional to both mass and velocity
    • Since velocity is a vector, momentum is also a vector

    Linear Momentum and Newton's Second Law

    • Newton's second law can be stated as F = Δp / Δt, where F is the net force and Δp is the change in momentum
    • For constant mass systems, the equation can be rewritten as F = mΔv / Δt, giving the more common form of Newton's second law

    The Impulse-Momentum Theorem

    • The impulse-momentum theorem states that a force applied to an object for some time causes a change in momentum
    • Impulse (J) is defined as the area under the force-time curve
    • Impulse is equal to the change in momentum (J = Δp)

    Conservation of Linear Momentum

    • The total linear momentum of a system is conserved in the absence of external forces
    • The total initial momentum of a system is equal to the total final momentum of the system (Pinitial,total = Pfinal,total)

    Linear Momentum Examples

    Cue Ball Example

    • Linear momentum of a cue ball is calculated as p = mv = (0.50 kg)(0.10 m/s) = 0.05 kg m/s
    • Impulse is calculated as J = FΔt = (2.00 N)(0.054 s) = 0.108 kg m/s
    • Change in velocity is calculated using the impulse-momentum theorem (J = Δp = m(vfinal - vinitial))

    Cue Ball Collision Example

    • Momentum is conserved in the collision between the cue ball and the 8-ball
    • The 8-ball's velocity after the collision is calculated using the conservation of momentum equation
    • The 8-ball moves faster after the collision due to its lighter mass

    Star Example

    • The total momentum of a system (exploding star) is conserved
    • The initial momentum of the star is zero, and the final momentum of the system after the explosion is also zero
    • The conservation of momentum principle is used to calculate the trajectories of exploding stars, solar systems, galaxies, and even black holes

    Linear Momentum Definition

    • Linear momentum (p) is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity
    • Generally, 'momentum' refers to linear momentum

    Linear Momentum Equation

    • The linear momentum equation is p = mv, where p is proportional to both mass and velocity
    • Since velocity is a vector, momentum is also a vector

    Linear Momentum and Newton's Second Law

    • Newton's second law can be stated as F = Δp / Δt, where F is the net force and Δp is the change in momentum
    • For constant mass systems, the equation can be rewritten as F = mΔv / Δt, giving the more common form of Newton's second law

    The Impulse-Momentum Theorem

    • The impulse-momentum theorem states that a force applied to an object for some time causes a change in momentum
    • Impulse (J) is defined as the area under the force-time curve
    • Impulse is equal to the change in momentum (J = Δp)

    Conservation of Linear Momentum

    • The total linear momentum of a system is conserved in the absence of external forces
    • The total initial momentum of a system is equal to the total final momentum of the system (Pinitial,total = Pfinal,total)

    Linear Momentum Examples

    Cue Ball Example

    • Linear momentum of a cue ball is calculated as p = mv = (0.50 kg)(0.10 m/s) = 0.05 kg m/s
    • Impulse is calculated as J = FΔt = (2.00 N)(0.054 s) = 0.108 kg m/s
    • Change in velocity is calculated using the impulse-momentum theorem (J = Δp = m(vfinal - vinitial))

    Cue Ball Collision Example

    • Momentum is conserved in the collision between the cue ball and the 8-ball
    • The 8-ball's velocity after the collision is calculated using the conservation of momentum equation
    • The 8-ball moves faster after the collision due to its lighter mass

    Star Example

    • The total momentum of a system (exploding star) is conserved
    • The initial momentum of the star is zero, and the final momentum of the system after the explosion is also zero
    • The conservation of momentum principle is used to calculate the trajectories of exploding stars, solar systems, galaxies, and even black holes

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    Description

    This quiz covers the definition of linear momentum, its relation to mass and velocity, and its application in conservation of momentum, with examples like exploding stars.

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