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Questions and Answers
A collision is an isolated event in which two or more objects exert ______ on each other in a short period of time.
A collision is an isolated event in which two or more objects exert ______ on each other in a short period of time.
forces
During a collision, the objects involved come into ______ contact with each other.
During a collision, the objects involved come into ______ contact with each other.
physical
The total linear momentum before a collision is equal to the total linear momentum after the ______.
The total linear momentum before a collision is equal to the total linear momentum after the ______.
collision
An ______ collision is a collision in which the total kinetic energy is conserved.
An ______ collision is a collision in which the total kinetic energy is conserved.
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In a ______ collision, the objects stick together after the collision.
In a ______ collision, the objects stick together after the collision.
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The transfer of momentum from one object to another during a collision is known as ______ transfer.
The transfer of momentum from one object to another during a collision is known as ______ transfer.
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The point at which the entire mass of an object can be considered to be concentrated is called the ______ of mass.
The point at which the entire mass of an object can be considered to be concentrated is called the ______ of mass.
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The equation ∑p₁ = ∑p₂ represents the ______ of linear momentum in collisions.
The equation ∑p₁ = ∑p₂ represents the ______ of linear momentum in collisions.
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Study Notes
Conservation of Linear Momentum in Collisions
Definition of a Collision
- A collision is an isolated event in which two or more objects exert forces on each other in a short period of time.
- During a collision, the objects involved come into physical contact with each other.
Conservation of Linear Momentum in Collisions
- The total linear momentum before a collision is equal to the total linear momentum after the collision.
- Mathematically, this is represented as: ∑p₁ = ∑p₂, where p₁ and p₂ are the initial and final momenta, respectively.
- This is a direct result of Newton's third law, which states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
Types of Collisions
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Elastic Collision: A collision in which the total kinetic energy is conserved.
- Example: Billiard balls bouncing off each other.
-
Inelastic Collision: A collision in which the total kinetic energy is not conserved.
- Example: A car crashing into a wall.
-
Completely Inelastic Collision: A collision in which the objects stick together after the collision.
- Example: A meteorite colliding with the Earth's surface.
Key Concepts
- Momentum Transfer: The transfer of momentum from one object to another during a collision.
- Impulse: The product of the force and time over which it is applied.
- Center of Mass: The point at which the entire mass of an object can be considered to be concentrated.
Important Equations
- Conservation of Linear Momentum: ∑p₁ = ∑p₂
- Momentum Transfer: Δp = F × Δt
- Elastic Collision: m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = m₁v₁' + m₂v₂'
Note: v₁ and v₂ are the initial velocities, v₁' and v₂' are the final velocities, m₁ and m₂ are the masses of the objects, and F is the force exerted during the collision.
Conservation of Linear Momentum in Collisions
Definition of a Collision
- A collision occurs when two or more objects exert forces on each other in a short period of time, resulting in physical contact.
- Collisions are isolated events.
Conservation of Linear Momentum
- The total linear momentum before a collision is equal to the total linear momentum after the collision.
- This is represented mathematically as: ∑p₁ = ∑p₂, where p₁ and p₂ are the initial and final momenta, respectively.
- This conservation is a direct result of Newton's third law, which states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
Types of Collisions
Elastic Collisions
- Total kinetic energy is conserved in an elastic collision.
- Example: Billiard balls bouncing off each other.
Inelastic Collisions
- Total kinetic energy is not conserved in an inelastic collision.
- Example: A car crashing into a wall.
Completely Inelastic Collisions
- Objects stick together after the collision.
- Example: A meteorite colliding with the Earth's surface.
Key Concepts
Momentum Transfer
- The transfer of momentum from one object to another during a collision.
- Occurs due to the force exerted between the objects.
Impulse
- The product of the force and time over which it is applied.
- Represents the total effect of a force on an object over a period of time.
Center of Mass
- The point at which the entire mass of an object can be considered to be concentrated.
- Important in understanding the motion of complex systems.
Important Equations
- Conservation of Linear Momentum: ∑p₁ = ∑p₂
- Momentum Transfer: Δp = F × Δt
- Elastic Collision: m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = m₁v₁' + m₂v₂'
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Description
Understand the concept of collisions and the conservation of linear momentum before and after a collision. Learn how the total linear momentum remains the same during a collision.
