T1 L3: Innate immune defences & inflammation 2 (SS)

Which cells are considered part of the adaptive immune system?

Which cells have innate functions and do not require antigen presentation for activation?

Which cells are involved in regulating the innate immune system and maintaining homeostasis?

Which cells are responsible for phagocytosis and antigen presentation to induce the adaptive immune response?

Which type of immune response is being discussed in the text?

What is receptor mediated phagocytosis?

What is the role of the Inflammasome?

What is the acute phase response?

Why do the receptors of the innate immune system recognize conserved structures instead of specific antigens?

What are the receptors of the innate immune system called?

What do toll-like receptors primarily detect?

In addition to pathogens, what else can activate the receptors of the innate immune system?

What is the process by which leukocytes attach to the blood vessel wall and squeeze through to the site of infection?

Which cells are mainly responsible for capturing foreign particles and digesting them?

What are the types of receptors present on professional phagocytic cells that help them recognize pathogens?

What is the process by which pathogens or microbes are taken up by phagocytic cells?

What is the function of the tier domain in toll-like receptors?

Which toll-like receptor can form dimers with both TLR1 and TLR6?

Where are toll-like receptors primarily located?

What types of molecules can toll-like receptors recognize?

What are toll receptors?

What is the role of c-type lectin receptors?

What did the discovery of toll receptors in fruit flies reveal?

What did Bruce Beutler discover in his work on mice embryos?

Which two pathways are mentioned in the text?

Which proteins do toll-like receptors use to trigger signaling?

What determines the type of output toll-like receptors have?

What are some of the outputs produced by toll-like receptors?

What do toll-like receptors induce at the site of infection?

What determines how toll-like receptors use adaptive molecules?

Which cells are responsible for releasing cytokines that dilate local blood vessels?

What is the process by which neutrophils capture and digest foreign particles?

What are the molecules that bind to integrins on leukocytes to facilitate their binding to the endothelium?

What is the term for the special form of cell death in which neutrophils release nuclear chromatin to trap microorganisms?

Which receptors on professional phagocytic cells recognize pathogens through binding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)?

What is the term for the group of receptors that recognize conserved structures on pathogens?

Which cells are considered part of the innate immune system and are present at intestinal and pulmonary mucosal tissues?

What is the term for the process by which leukocytes attach to the blood vessel wall and squeeze through to the site of infection?

Which cells release antimicrobial molecules called Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)?

What is the term for the process by which foreign particles are captured and digested by phagocytic cells?

Which two NLRCs have a leucine rich domain that can bind to peptidoglycan?

Which peptide of peptidoglycan does NOD1 specifically bind to?

Which peptide of peptidoglycan does NOD2 specifically bind to?

Which gain of function mutation in NOD2 is linked to early onset sarcoidosis?

Which loss of function mutation in NOD2 is associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease?

Which NLRP is the most well-characterized?

What activates NLRP3?

Which protein is responsible for the cleavage of pro-IL-1 and pro-IL-18 in the NLRP3 inflammasome?

Which receptors are sensors of cytoplasmic RNA?

Which receptor preferentially recognizes long double stranded RNA?

Which receptors are able to recognize conserved structures termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)?

Which receptors are predominantly endosomal and recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)?

Which receptors are expressed by most cells that phagocytose microbes and bind to glycan structures present on pathogens?

Which receptors play an important role in development and immunity to fungal and bacterial infections in fruit flies?

Which receptors form functional hetero/homodimers and induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MHC molecules, and antimicrobial peptides?

Which receptors are cytoplasmic pattern recognition molecules and can be classified into two major groups: NLRCs and NLRPs?

Which receptors are predominantly located on the cell surface and recognize bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin?

Which receptors are associated with diseases such as HIV, systemic lupus erythematosus, Alzheimer's Disease, atherosclerosis, sepsis, and tuberculosis?

Which receptors play a role in receptor-mediated phagocytosis and inducing the adaptive immune response?

Which receptors are responsible for recognizing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from necrotic cells?