Life Functions and Cells Overview

Process that makes energy (ATP) through the breakdown of glucose.

Respiration requiring oxygen to produce a large amount of ATP (36 ATPs).

Respiration without oxygen, resulting in smaller amount of ATP (few ATPs).

Cellular organelle where respiration occurs.

Diagram representing energy flow in a food chain or web. Only 10% energy transfers to next trophic level.

Complex network of interconnected food chains showing relationships between organisms.

Linear sequence showing the feeding relationships between different organisms.

Organism that breaks down dead organisms and returns nutrients to the environment.

Molecules containing carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Large molecules made up of repeating smaller units (monomers).

Simplest type of carbohydrate, e.g., glucose.

Macromolecule composed of amino acids, crucial for various functions like enzymes and structure.

Basic building blocks of proteins.

Protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.

Breaking down a large molecule into smaller ones by adding water.

Building a larger molecule from smaller ones by removing water.

Macromolecule composed of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol.

Macromolecule composed of sugars, providing energy.

Essential processes that enable an organism to survive and reproduce.

Taking in and using nutrients for growth, repair, and energy.

Moving materials within an organism.

Breaking down nutrients to release energy.

Removing wastes from an organism.

Increasing in size or number of cells.

Combining smaller molecules to build larger ones.

Controlling and coordinating functions in an organism.

Producing offspring.

All chemical reactions in an organism.

Maintaining a stable internal environment.

Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.

Specialized structure within a cell that perform specific jobs.

Basic unit of life, performing various functions.

Group of similar cells performing a specific function.

Structure composed of multiple tissues working together.

Group of organs working together in a coordinated manner.

A complete living thing comprising organ systems working together.

Outer layer of a cell, controlling what goes in and out.

Rigid outer layer of plant cells providing support.

Fluid-like substance inside the cell, holding organelles.

Control center of the cell, containing genetic information.

Powerhouse of the cell, producing energy via cellular respiration.

Protein synthesis occurs here

Stores water and other materials.

Site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Conversion of light energy into chemical energy (glucose).

Primary site of photosynthesis in plants.

Small openings on leaves for gas exchange (CO2 & O2).

Surround stomates that open and close for regulation.

Green pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.