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Questions and Answers
What is produced in the aerobic respiration process?
What is produced in the aerobic respiration process?
Which macromolecule is made of amino acids?
Which macromolecule is made of amino acids?
How much energy is typically passed on to the next trophic level in an energy pyramid?
How much energy is typically passed on to the next trophic level in an energy pyramid?
Which process involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones?
Which process involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones?
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What component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for its structure?
What component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for its structure?
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What type of molecules are starch and glycogen categorized as?
What type of molecules are starch and glycogen categorized as?
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What is the primary role of enzymes in biological systems?
What is the primary role of enzymes in biological systems?
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Which cycle includes both respiration and photosynthesis?
Which cycle includes both respiration and photosynthesis?
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What element is present in proteins that is not found in carbohydrates?
What element is present in proteins that is not found in carbohydrates?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in the body?
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Which life function is primarily responsible for energy production within cells?
Which life function is primarily responsible for energy production within cells?
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What is the function of the ribosome in a cell?
What is the function of the ribosome in a cell?
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What is necessary for a species to survive even though it may not be necessary for an individual organism?
What is necessary for a species to survive even though it may not be necessary for an individual organism?
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Which part of the cell serves as a semi-permeable barrier regulating what enters and exits the cell?
Which part of the cell serves as a semi-permeable barrier regulating what enters and exits the cell?
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What is the primary purpose of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the primary purpose of chloroplasts in plant cells?
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What process produces oxygen and glucose during photosynthesis?
What process produces oxygen and glucose during photosynthesis?
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Which organelle is responsible for controlling the cell and containing genetic information?
Which organelle is responsible for controlling the cell and containing genetic information?
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What primary function does the vacuole serve in a plant cell?
What primary function does the vacuole serve in a plant cell?
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Which of the following is NOT a level of organization in biological systems?
Which of the following is NOT a level of organization in biological systems?
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Which light color is known to promote the least amount of photosynthesis?
Which light color is known to promote the least amount of photosynthesis?
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Study Notes
Life Functions
- Living organisms take in materials for growth and repair (nutrition)
- Materials are moved through the organism (transport)
- Nutrients are broken down to make energy (respiration)
- Waste products are removed (excretion)
- Living things increase in size or cell number (growth)
- Smaller molecules become larger molecules (synthesis)
- Activities are controlled and coordinated (regulation)
- Offspring are produced (reproduction). Reproduction is not needed for an individual organism to survive, but is necessary for a species to continue
Cells
- Levels of organization include organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms
- Organelles are specialized parts of cells with specific jobs
- Cells are the basic units of life, each performing many functions
- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together
- Organs are groups of different tissues working together
- Organ systems are multiple organs working together
- Organisms are many organ systems working together
Parts of the Cell
- Cell membrane is a semi-permeable layer enclosing the contents of the cell
- Cell wall supports plant cells
- Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance holding organelles
- Nucleus contains genetic information
- Mitochondria produce energy through respiration
- Ribosomes synthesize proteins
- Vacuoles store materials
- Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis (only in plant cells)
Plants
- Leaves have guard cells/stomates that control gas exchange (CO2 in, O2 out), and water movement
- Stomates open and close to maintain homeostasis under various conditions
- Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts, located primarily in the top layer of leaves
- Photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy (sugars) using carbon dioxide and water
Respiration
- Aerobic respiration needs oxygen to metabolize glucose, yielding energy and producing carbon dioxide as a byproduct
- Anaerobic respiration needs no oxygen, and results in less energy being produced.
Energy Pyramids
- Energy in an ecosystem flows from producers (plants) to consumers (primary, secondary, tertiary)
- Approximately 10% of energy is transferred to each successive level
Body Systems
- Nervous system sends messages throughout the body
- Circulatory system moves materials around the body
- Respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange
- Excretory system removes waste products
- Digestive system breaks down food into usable components
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Description
This quiz explores the essential life functions that living organisms perform, such as nutrition, respiration, and reproduction. Additionally, it covers the levels of organization in biological systems, from cells to organisms. Test your understanding of how these concepts interrelate and their significance in biology.
