Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy

<p>1000 mg/d (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas exchange, waste removal, nutrient exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may lead to pregnancy termination or affect organ development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents neural tube defects during early development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>46% decline in rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Before the 6th week of gestation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abstain totally from alcohol prior to and during pregnancy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High risk of spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More detrimental compared to drinking during the second trimester. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is common for many women. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>340 kcal/day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>73 g/day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DHA (n-3) and arachidonic acid (n-6) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may be difficult to increase their protein intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>150-340 g/week (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First Trimester (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legumes, tofu, nuts, seeds, and whole grains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>27 mg/d (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doubles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restricted oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limit caffeine intake to less than 300 mg/d (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Satisfy increasing blood volume demands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adolescents pregnant for the first time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Listeriosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less than 300 mg/d (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subtle mood disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>11.5 - 16 kg (25 - 35 lbs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.5 kg (3.5 lbs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased number of cesarean births (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of obesity in adulthood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate gestational weight gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher risk of childhood obesity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maternal obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>34% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced infant birth weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased fetal nutrient absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher risk of Type 2 diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High IQ in offspring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.5 kg (1 lb) per week (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The placenta facilitates gas exchange, waste removal, and nutrient exchange between mother and fetus.

Adequate nutrition before pregnancy is crucial for successful implantation and early placental growth.

Specific times during pregnancy when nutrient availability significantly impacts organ development.

Low folate levels during early pregnancy can lead to neural tube defects like spina bifida.

The period when the neural tube closes to form the spinal cord and brain in the fetus, typically around week 6 of gestation.

No additional calories are required in the first trimester, but nutrient-rich food choices are crucial.

An additional 340 calories per day is recommended during the second trimester.

An extra 450 calories per day are recommended during the third trimester.

A daily increase of 25 grams of protein is recommended during pregnancy, on top of the regular daily requirement.

While excessive fat intake can lead to excessive weight gain, healthy fats are crucial for fetal development.

These essential fatty acids are crucial for brain development and are primarily found in fish and seafood.

Eating 150-340 grams of fish per week is recommended, but caution must be exercised regarding environmental contaminants.

Increasing energy and protein intake can be challenging for vegans during pregnancy.

Healthy weight before becoming pregnant.

1.5 kg (3.5 lbs) total weight gain during the first trimester.

0.5 kg (1 lb) per week of weight gain in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy.

11.5 – 16 kg (25 – 35 lbs) during pregnancy for women with a normal BMI.

Weight gain during pregnancy, impacted by pre-pregnancy BMI.

Weight gain beyond recommended ranges in pregnancy.

Birth before 37 weeks of gestation.

Birth weight below a certain threshold, linked to higher mortality.

Infant born with a high birth weight compared to gestation.

High maternal body weight associated with complications.

Birth defects involving the brain and spine.

Combination of factors including low maternal weight, insufficient GWG, smoking, nutrition, and maternal health.

Low body weight before or during pregnancy.

Death rates of infants worldwide.

Nutritional deficiencies experienced by the mother during pregnancy.

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy, even in small amounts, can have serious consequences for the developing fetus, including increased risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).

The effects of alcohol on the fetus are most severe during the first trimester, as this is when major organs and systems are developing.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are a range of lifelong disabilities caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. These disabilities can affect physical, cognitive, and behavioral development.

Regular exercise during pregnancy is generally beneficial, but it's crucial to choose low-impact activities and consult a doctor before starting any new workout program.

Exercise during pregnancy can help manage weight gain, improve mood, reduce back pain, and prepare the body for labor.

The value of fish oil during pregnancy is debated due to potential benefits for both the mother and developing infant, but also due to potential risks and lack of conclusive evidence.

Taking more than 1 mg of folate per day can hide a B12 deficiency, potentially leading to complications.

The recommended daily intake of folate for pregnant women is 600 µg, with an additional 400 µg recommended for women planning to become pregnant.

The recommended daily intake of calcium remains the same for pregnant and non-pregnant women at 1000 mg.

Vegetarians and vegans are at an increased risk of B12 deficiency due to limited sources in their diet, requiring supplementation.

The mother's skeleton provides calcium for fetal growth, especially during the third trimester, with about 300mg transferred daily.

The fetus prioritizes iron for blood formation and iron stores, which will last until around 6 months of age.

Iron supplements are often recommended during the second and third trimesters to ensure adequate iron intake.

Alcohol exposure can restrict oxygen and nutrient delivery to the fetus, impairing brain development and potentially leading to FASD.

These disorders are a group of birth defects caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy, resulting in brain damage, growth delays, and physical abnormalities.

Alcohol interferes with brain cell division and development, impacting brain growth and function, particularly during early pregnancy.

Alcohol can cause a range of problems, from subtle learning difficulties to severe physical abnormalities, depending on the amount and timing of exposure during pregnancy.

Limit your caffeine intake to less than 300mg per day, equivalent to about 2 cups of coffee or 6 cups of tea.

Pregnancy increases the risk of listeriosis, a foodborne illness particularly dangerous for the fetus, often found in meat and dairy products.