Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main function of fibroblasts?
What is the main function of fibroblasts?
- Cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
- Engulf foreign particles
- Release histamine and proteases
- Produce and secrete extracellular matrix components (correct)
Which cell type is involved in phagocytosis and engulfing foreign particles?
Which cell type is involved in phagocytosis and engulfing foreign particles?
- Macrophages (correct)
- Mast cells
- Quiescent fibroblasts
- Fibroblasts
Which cell type releases mediators such as histamine and proteases?
Which cell type releases mediators such as histamine and proteases?
- Mast cells (correct)
- Macrophages
- Quiescent fibroblasts
- Fibroblasts
What distinguishes quiescent fibroblasts from active fibroblasts?
What distinguishes quiescent fibroblasts from active fibroblasts?
Which cell type plays a role in the inflammatory response by releasing mediators?
Which cell type plays a role in the inflammatory response by releasing mediators?
What is the characteristic feature of mast cells?
What is the characteristic feature of mast cells?
What is the main function of connective tissue?
What is the main function of connective tissue?
Which of the following is NOT a component of connective tissue matrix?
Which of the following is NOT a component of connective tissue matrix?
What is the role of proteoglycans in the ground substance of connective tissue?
What is the role of proteoglycans in the ground substance of connective tissue?
Which component exceeds the volume of cells in all types of connective tissue?
Which component exceeds the volume of cells in all types of connective tissue?
What is the main function of plasma cells?
What is the main function of plasma cells?
What is the primary function of eosinophils in the immune response?
What is the primary function of eosinophils in the immune response?
Which leukocytes migrate from the bloodstream into tissues through diapedesis?
Which leukocytes migrate from the bloodstream into tissues through diapedesis?
Which is the most abundant type of collagen in the human body?
Which is the most abundant type of collagen in the human body?
What is the characteristic periodicity of collagen fibrils?
What is the characteristic periodicity of collagen fibrils?
What is the main content of basophilic granules in eosinophils?
What is the main content of basophilic granules in eosinophils?
Which cells are involved in mediating inflammation and inactivating histamines and leukotrienes?
Which cells are involved in mediating inflammation and inactivating histamines and leukotrienes?
What is the role of plasma cells in the immune response?
What is the role of plasma cells in the immune response?
How are collagen fibrils formed?
How are collagen fibrils formed?
What type of protein provides strength and structure to various tissues in the body?
What type of protein provides strength and structure to various tissues in the body?
What constitutes the most common protein in the human body?
What constitutes the most common protein in the human body?
What are plasma cells involved in producing?
What are plasma cells involved in producing?
What provides structure to the mesentery?
What provides structure to the mesentery?
In polarizing microscopy, what color are collagen bundles observed as in superimposed regions?
In polarizing microscopy, what color are collagen bundles observed as in superimposed regions?
Which type of staining procedure makes elastic fibers appear darker?
Which type of staining procedure makes elastic fibers appear darker?
What are elastic fibers formed by before accumulating elastin?
What are elastic fibers formed by before accumulating elastin?
What is the high-viscosity substance that fills the spaces between cells and fibers in connective tissue?
What is the high-viscosity substance that fills the spaces between cells and fibers in connective tissue?
How is the ground substance revealed in electron micrographs?
How is the ground substance revealed in electron micrographs?
What are proteoglycans composed of?
What are proteoglycans composed of?
What are GAGs?
What are GAGs?
What is the structure of proteoglycans?
What is the structure of proteoglycans?
What distinguishes glycoproteins from proteoglycans?
What distinguishes glycoproteins from proteoglycans?
What is the main component of collagen fibers?
What is the main component of collagen fibers?
What is the main function of elastin fibers?
What is the main function of elastin fibers?
How are elastin cross-links formed?
How are elastin cross-links formed?
Which type of collagen forms reticular fibers?
Which type of collagen forms reticular fibers?
What initiates the degradation of collagen fibers?
What initiates the degradation of collagen fibers?
What is the rate of turnover for stable collagen in tendons, ligaments, and periodontal ligaments?
What is the rate of turnover for stable collagen in tendons, ligaments, and periodontal ligaments?
What process allows for the assembly of collagen fibrils?
What process allows for the assembly of collagen fibrils?
What is the general composition of elastin?
What is the general composition of elastin?
What is the structure of elastin?
What is the structure of elastin?
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Study Notes
- Collagen fibrils are assembled with a regular, overlapping pattern, resulting in cross striations with alternating dark and light bands in electron microscopy.
- Collagen fibrils are linked together to form larger collagen fibers visible by light microscopy.
- Collagen fibers form larger aggregates, typically of Type I collagen, which are bundled and linked together by other collagens.
- Collagen synthesis in RER involves the formation of polypeptide chains, injection as preprocollagen, and subsequent hydroxylation and glycosylation to form procollagen.
- The removal of signalling sequences from procollagen results in procollagen, which is then transported out of the cell.
- Procollagen is cleaved by proteases to form tropocollagen, allowing for the assembly of collagen fibrils.
- Collagen fibrils spontaneously aggregate to form fibers, and fibers are further reinforced by covalent cross-links between tropocollagen molecules.
- Collagen turnover is generally a slow process, with stable collagen in tendons, ligaments, and periodontal ligaments having a low turnover.
- Degradation of collagen fibers can be initiated by collagenases, which remove the original tropocollagen peptides and allow for further degradation by normal proteases.
- Collagen fibers are often organized into bundles in various parts of the body.
- Collagen fibers are mainly composed of Type I collagen, which is visible as acidophilic fibers in connective tissues.
- Type III collagen forms reticular fibers, which are much thinner (0.5 to 2 µm) and form a loose network in various tissues such as smooth muscles, endoneurium, and blood-forming organs.
- Elastic fibers are composed of three types of fibers: oxytalan, elaunine, and elastin.
- Elastin cross-links are formed through covalent reactions between lysine residues, resulting in desmosine and isodesmosine.
- Elastin fibers are not elastic on their own, but oxytalan fibers form a network that supports elastin, allowing for its elastic properties.
- Elastic fibers stretch easily due to the different ratio of microfibrils to elastin, which is adapted to the local tissue requirements.
- Elastin is a globular molecule that polymerizes to form elastin, an amorphous rubber-like glycoprotein.
- Elastin is made up of a high proportion of glycine, proline, and two unusual amino acids: desmosine and isodesmosine.
- Elastin fibers have a high turnover in areas such as the arterial wall.
- Deficiencies in collagen type III can result in the rupture of the arterial wall.
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