Lecture Objectives: Nematodes and Ancylostoma caninum
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of nematodes?

  • Presence of a segmented body
  • Bilateral symmetry (correct)
  • Radial symmetry
  • Hermaphroditic reproduction

    • How do nematodes ensure the survival of their species?

  • Having separate sexes for reproduction
  • Multiplying within the host
  • Increasing environmental exposure (correct)
  • Preventing offspring from leaving the host

    • Which phylum includes tapeworms and flukes?

  • Phylum Platyhelminthes (correct)
  • Phylum Annelida
  • Phylum Nematoda
  • Phylum Mollusca

    • In sexual reproduction, which class of helminths is hermaphroditic?

    <p>Cestodes &amp; trematodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of infection for Ancylostoma caninum?

    <p>Direct contact with infected animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates cestodes and trematodes from nematodes in terms of reproduction?

    <p>Hermaphroditic reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nematodes ensure their offspring get inside a host?

    <p>Avoiding immune system and crowding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential misconception mentioned in the text?

    <p>Alternate theory suggests immunity loss around lambing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of knowing how a nematode species perpetuates?

    <p>To determine when to intervene effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the nematode life cycle involves hypobiosis or arrested development?

    <p>L3 to L4 transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common strategy used by some nematodes to survive on pasture in winter?

    <p>Arrested development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the life cycle progression of nematodes from L1 to Adult?

    <p>L1 - L2 - L3 - L4 - Adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is responsible for eosinophil-mediated killing of nematode larvae?

    <p>Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means of survival for nematodes on pastures?

    <p>Survival in hypobiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to older L3 nematodes in terms of development?

    <p>Immune protection and growth arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do nematodes accumulate from eggs to L3?

    <p>Within a few weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of nematode life cycles, what role does springtime play for some parasites?

    <p>Emergence from dormancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key takeaway regarding fecal egg counts mentioned in the text?

    <p>Fecal egg counts help in determining when to intervene with parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of Ancylostomatoidea eggs?

    <p>40 x 60 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an Ancylostoma caninum infection be confirmed from fecal examinations?

    <p>Presence of hookworm eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of nutrition for adult hookworms?

    <p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of hookworms is involved in larval migration causing pneumonia?

    <p>L4 / early mature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a zoonotic concern associated with hookworm infection?

    <p>Cutaneous larval migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of infection for Ancylostoma caninum?

    <p>Penetration of oral mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure allows Ancylostoma caninum to attach to the intestinal villi?

    <p>Bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predilection site for adult Ancylostoma caninum?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do larvae of Ancylostoma caninum migrate in the host?

    <p>Migrate in the lungs before reaching the intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical sign of acute infection with Ancylostoma caninum?

    <p>Diarrhea with blood and mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prepatent period (PPP) for Ancylostoma caninum?

    <p>2-3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical stage of the nematode life cycle that involves infective larvae in an egg?

    <p>L1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism ensures the survival of nematode eggs with larvae before entering a host?

    <p>Arrested development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In nematodes, what strategy is used to avoid immune responses and harsh environmental conditions?

    <p>Survival through paratenic hosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of nematodes demonstrates slower development leading to inhibited growth?

    <p>L3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for nematodes to regulate feeding and ensure immune protection?

    <p>Utilizing immune protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of nematodes in terms of reproduction?

    <p>Egg-laying reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nematodes differ from cestodes and trematodes in terms of sex?

    <p>They have males and females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of increased environmental exposure on nematode infections?

    <p>Increased infection rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of helminth is more likely to lay eggs rather than give birth to live young?

    <p>Nematodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what locations can nematodes be found according to the provided text?

    <p>Both soil and plant environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes nematode larvae entering a state of dormancy?

    <p>Hypobiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of infection for Ancylostoma caninum?

    <p>Direct skin penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical sign is associated with chronic infections of Ancylostoma caninum?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predilection site for adult Ancylostoma caninum within the host's body?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in Ancylostoma caninum allows it to attach to the intestinal villi?

    <p>Suckers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of nutrition for adult Ancylostoma caninum?

    <p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is responsible for the acute hemorrhagic anemia observed in Ancylostoma caninum infections?

    <p>Chronic blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding how a nematode species perpetuates?

    <p>Knowing when and how to intervene in controlling the nematode population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the life cycle progression of nematodes and tapeworms?

    <p>The reproduction process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential misconception regarding hypobiosis as a winter strategy?

    <p>It allows nematodes to survive longer on pastures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the periparturient rise occur in nematodes?

    <p>Around lambing (-2 - +8 weeks)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of fecal egg counts in managing nematode infections?

    <p>Providing information on when to intervene effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is knowing the stage of L3 accumulation important in managing nematode infections?

    <p>To understand when heavy infections occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of Ancylostoma caninum eggs from the Ancylostomatoidea group?

    <p>60 x 40 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means by which hookworms cause anemia in hosts?

    <p>Feeding on blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a zoonotic concern associated with hookworm infections?

    <p>Cutaneous larval migration in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates adult hookworms of the Ancylostomatoidea group from other nematodes in terms of feeding?

    <p>They have buccal capsule modifications for blood feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are young animals more likely to exhibit severe signs of infection with hookworms?

    <p>They have limited immunity compared to older animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

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