Lecture Objectives: Nematodes and Ancylostoma caninum
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of nematodes?

  • Presence of a segmented body
  • Bilateral symmetry (correct)
  • Radial symmetry
  • Hermaphroditic reproduction

How do nematodes ensure the survival of their species?

  • Having separate sexes for reproduction
  • Multiplying within the host
  • Increasing environmental exposure (correct)
  • Preventing offspring from leaving the host

Which phylum includes tapeworms and flukes?

  • Phylum Platyhelminthes (correct)
  • Phylum Annelida
  • Phylum Nematoda
  • Phylum Mollusca

In sexual reproduction, which class of helminths is hermaphroditic?

<p>Cestodes &amp; trematodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of infection for Ancylostoma caninum?

<p>Direct contact with infected animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates cestodes and trematodes from nematodes in terms of reproduction?

<p>Hermaphroditic reproduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do nematodes ensure their offspring get inside a host?

<p>Avoiding immune system and crowding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential misconception mentioned in the text?

<p>Alternate theory suggests immunity loss around lambing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of knowing how a nematode species perpetuates?

<p>To determine when to intervene effectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the nematode life cycle involves hypobiosis or arrested development?

<p>L3 to L4 transition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common strategy used by some nematodes to survive on pasture in winter?

<p>Arrested development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the life cycle progression of nematodes from L1 to Adult?

<p>L1 - L2 - L3 - L4 - Adult (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is responsible for eosinophil-mediated killing of nematode larvae?

<p>Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means of survival for nematodes on pastures?

<p>Survival in hypobiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to older L3 nematodes in terms of development?

<p>Immune protection and growth arrest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do nematodes accumulate from eggs to L3?

<p>Within a few weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nematode life cycles, what role does springtime play for some parasites?

<p>Emergence from dormancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key takeaway regarding fecal egg counts mentioned in the text?

<p>Fecal egg counts help in determining when to intervene with parasites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of Ancylostomatoidea eggs?

<p>40 x 60 µm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can an Ancylostoma caninum infection be confirmed from fecal examinations?

<p>Presence of hookworm eggs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of nutrition for adult hookworms?

<p>Blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of hookworms is involved in larval migration causing pneumonia?

<p>L4 / early mature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a zoonotic concern associated with hookworm infection?

<p>Cutaneous larval migration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of infection for Ancylostoma caninum?

<p>Penetration of oral mucosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure allows Ancylostoma caninum to attach to the intestinal villi?

<p>Bursa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predilection site for adult Ancylostoma caninum?

<p>Small intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do larvae of Ancylostoma caninum migrate in the host?

<p>Migrate in the lungs before reaching the intestines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical sign of acute infection with Ancylostoma caninum?

<p>Diarrhea with blood and mucus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prepatent period (PPP) for Ancylostoma caninum?

<p>2-3 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical stage of the nematode life cycle that involves infective larvae in an egg?

<p>L1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism ensures the survival of nematode eggs with larvae before entering a host?

<p>Arrested development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In nematodes, what strategy is used to avoid immune responses and harsh environmental conditions?

<p>Survival through paratenic hosts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of nematodes demonstrates slower development leading to inhibited growth?

<p>L3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for nematodes to regulate feeding and ensure immune protection?

<p>Utilizing immune protection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of nematodes in terms of reproduction?

<p>Egg-laying reproduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do nematodes differ from cestodes and trematodes in terms of sex?

<p>They have males and females (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of increased environmental exposure on nematode infections?

<p>Increased infection rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of helminth is more likely to lay eggs rather than give birth to live young?

<p>Nematodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what locations can nematodes be found according to the provided text?

<p>Both soil and plant environments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes nematode larvae entering a state of dormancy?

<p>Hypobiosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of infection for Ancylostoma caninum?

<p>Direct skin penetration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign is associated with chronic infections of Ancylostoma caninum?

<p>Weight loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predilection site for adult Ancylostoma caninum within the host's body?

<p>Small intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in Ancylostoma caninum allows it to attach to the intestinal villi?

<p>Suckers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of nutrition for adult Ancylostoma caninum?

<p>Blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is responsible for the acute hemorrhagic anemia observed in Ancylostoma caninum infections?

<p>Chronic blood loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding how a nematode species perpetuates?

<p>Knowing when and how to intervene in controlling the nematode population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the life cycle progression of nematodes and tapeworms?

<p>The reproduction process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential misconception regarding hypobiosis as a winter strategy?

<p>It allows nematodes to survive longer on pastures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the periparturient rise occur in nematodes?

<p>Around lambing (-2 - +8 weeks) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of fecal egg counts in managing nematode infections?

<p>Providing information on when to intervene effectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is knowing the stage of L3 accumulation important in managing nematode infections?

<p>To understand when heavy infections occur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of Ancylostoma caninum eggs from the Ancylostomatoidea group?

<p>60 x 40 µm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means by which hookworms cause anemia in hosts?

<p>Feeding on blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a zoonotic concern associated with hookworm infections?

<p>Cutaneous larval migration in humans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates adult hookworms of the Ancylostomatoidea group from other nematodes in terms of feeding?

<p>They have buccal capsule modifications for blood feeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are young animals more likely to exhibit severe signs of infection with hookworms?

<p>They have limited immunity compared to older animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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