57 Questions
What is a key characteristic of nematodes?
Bilateral symmetry
How do nematodes ensure the survival of their species?
Increasing environmental exposure
Which phylum includes tapeworms and flukes?
Phylum Platyhelminthes
In sexual reproduction, which class of helminths is hermaphroditic?
Cestodes & trematodes
What is the primary mode of infection for Ancylostoma caninum?
Direct contact with infected animals
What differentiates cestodes and trematodes from nematodes in terms of reproduction?
Hermaphroditic reproduction
How do nematodes ensure their offspring get inside a host?
Avoiding immune system and crowding
What is the potential misconception mentioned in the text?
Alternate theory suggests immunity loss around lambing
What is the significance of knowing how a nematode species perpetuates?
To determine when to intervene effectively
Which stage of the nematode life cycle involves hypobiosis or arrested development?
L3 to L4 transition
What is a common strategy used by some nematodes to survive on pasture in winter?
Arrested development
What is the life cycle progression of nematodes from L1 to Adult?
L1 - L2 - L3 - L4 - Adult
Which mechanism is responsible for eosinophil-mediated killing of nematode larvae?
Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity
What is the primary means of survival for nematodes on pastures?
Survival in hypobiosis
What happens to older L3 nematodes in terms of development?
Immune protection and growth arrest
When do nematodes accumulate from eggs to L3?
Within a few weeks
In the context of nematode life cycles, what role does springtime play for some parasites?
Emergence from dormancy
What is the key takeaway regarding fecal egg counts mentioned in the text?
Fecal egg counts help in determining when to intervene with parasites
What is the size of Ancylostomatoidea eggs?
40 x 60 µm
How can an Ancylostoma caninum infection be confirmed from fecal examinations?
Presence of hookworm eggs
What is the main source of nutrition for adult hookworms?
Blood
Which stage of hookworms is involved in larval migration causing pneumonia?
L4 / early mature
What is a zoonotic concern associated with hookworm infection?
Cutaneous larval migration
What is the primary mode of infection for Ancylostoma caninum?
Penetration of oral mucosa
Which structure allows Ancylostoma caninum to attach to the intestinal villi?
Bursa
What is the predilection site for adult Ancylostoma caninum?
Small intestine
How do larvae of Ancylostoma caninum migrate in the host?
Migrate in the lungs before reaching the intestines
Which of the following is a clinical sign of acute infection with Ancylostoma caninum?
Diarrhea with blood and mucus
What is the prepatent period (PPP) for Ancylostoma caninum?
2-3 weeks
What is the typical stage of the nematode life cycle that involves infective larvae in an egg?
L1
Which mechanism ensures the survival of nematode eggs with larvae before entering a host?
Arrested development
In nematodes, what strategy is used to avoid immune responses and harsh environmental conditions?
Survival through paratenic hosts
Which stage of nematodes demonstrates slower development leading to inhibited growth?
L3
What is the primary method for nematodes to regulate feeding and ensure immune protection?
Utilizing immune protection
What is a distinguishing feature of nematodes in terms of reproduction?
Egg-laying reproduction
How do nematodes differ from cestodes and trematodes in terms of sex?
They have males and females
What is the impact of increased environmental exposure on nematode infections?
Increased infection rates
Which type of helminth is more likely to lay eggs rather than give birth to live young?
Nematodes
In what locations can nematodes be found according to the provided text?
Both soil and plant environments
Which term describes nematode larvae entering a state of dormancy?
Hypobiosis
What is the primary mode of infection for Ancylostoma caninum?
Direct skin penetration
Which clinical sign is associated with chronic infections of Ancylostoma caninum?
Weight loss
What is the predilection site for adult Ancylostoma caninum within the host's body?
Small intestine
Which structure in Ancylostoma caninum allows it to attach to the intestinal villi?
Suckers
What is the primary source of nutrition for adult Ancylostoma caninum?
Blood
Which mechanism is responsible for the acute hemorrhagic anemia observed in Ancylostoma caninum infections?
Chronic blood loss
What is the significance of understanding how a nematode species perpetuates?
Knowing when and how to intervene in controlling the nematode population
What is the primary difference between the life cycle progression of nematodes and tapeworms?
The reproduction process
What is the potential misconception regarding hypobiosis as a winter strategy?
It allows nematodes to survive longer on pastures
When does the periparturient rise occur in nematodes?
Around lambing (-2 - +8 weeks)
What is the primary role of fecal egg counts in managing nematode infections?
Providing information on when to intervene effectively
Why is knowing the stage of L3 accumulation important in managing nematode infections?
To understand when heavy infections occur
What is the size of Ancylostoma caninum eggs from the Ancylostomatoidea group?
60 x 40 µm
What is the primary means by which hookworms cause anemia in hosts?
Feeding on blood
Which of the following is a zoonotic concern associated with hookworm infections?
Cutaneous larval migration in humans
What differentiates adult hookworms of the Ancylostomatoidea group from other nematodes in terms of feeding?
They have buccal capsule modifications for blood feeding
Why are young animals more likely to exhibit severe signs of infection with hookworms?
They have limited immunity compared to older animals
Test your understanding of key characteristics, life cycle determination, host identification, survival methods, impact of grazing, and more related to nematodes and Ancylostoma caninum.
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