Lecture 9: Introduction to Biotechnology
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Questions and Answers

What is biotechnology?

  • The process of selective breeding of cattle for desired traits
  • The process of studying and manipulating genetic material
  • The process of producing chemicals such as drugs for treating cancer
  • The process of manipulation of organisms to make useful products (correct)

    • What is another term for DNA technology?

  • Biotechnology (correct)
  • Gene cloning
  • Genetic engineering
  • Recombinant DNA

    • What is the purpose of genetic engineering?

  • To produce chemicals such as pesticides
  • To study genetic material
  • To clone genes
  • To manipulate genes for practical purposes (correct)

    • What is formed by joining nucleotide sequences from two different sources?

    <p>Recombinant DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a vector in gene cloning?

    <p>To carry genes from one cell to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal choice for gene cloning?

    <p>Plasmids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in cloning, sequencing, and assembling multicellular genomes?

    <p>Abundance of repetitive sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used for sequencing multicellular genomes?

    <p>Whole-genome shotgun method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the human genome has been determined with 99.999% accuracy?

    <p>More than 99%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ENCODE project?

    <p>To build a comprehensive list of functional elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the human DNA is non-coding?

    <p>98%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genes were discovered in the human genome project?

    <p>25,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major advantage of using bacteria to manufacture protein products?

    <p>They can be grown cheaply and rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are mammalian cells often used for protein production?

    <p>They are better at synthesizing and secreting eukaryotic proteins with chains of sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a use of genetically modified pigs?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is AquaAdvantage Salmon (AAS) genetically engineered to do?

    <p>Grow to market size in half the time of conventional salmon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are yeast cells a good choice for manufacturing protein products?

    <p>They can integrate foreign DNA into their genomes and secrete proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a protein that mammalian cells are often used to produce?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of creating a genomic library?

    <p>To store cloned DNA fragments from a target genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using bacteriophages as vectors?

    <p>They naturally infect bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a BAC?

    <p>To clone DNA sequences in bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the goal of the Human Genome Project?

    <p>To identify the location and sequence of every gene in the human genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clone in the context of bacterial cell reproduction?

    <p>A group of genetically identical cells descended from a single ancestral cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of plasmids in a plasmid library?

    <p>To clone DNA fragments from a target genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of having Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)?

    <p>An immune system that is almost nonexistent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of using gene therapy to treat SCID in some patients?

    <p>Some patients developed leukaemia, resulting in one fatality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the success rate of bone marrow transplants in treating SCID?

    <p>60% of the time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease that gene therapy has been used to treat, which is also known as the 'bubble boy disease'?

    <p>Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many children have been cured of SCID using gene therapy in the past decade?

    <p>22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been achieved in monkeys using gene therapy?

    <p>A cure for Colour Blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

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