30 Questions
What is biotechnology?
The process of manipulation of organisms to make useful products
What is another term for DNA technology?
Biotechnology
What is the purpose of genetic engineering?
To manipulate genes for practical purposes
What is formed by joining nucleotide sequences from two different sources?
Recombinant DNA
What is the function of a vector in gene cloning?
To carry genes from one cell to another
What is the ideal choice for gene cloning?
Plasmids
What is the main challenge in cloning, sequencing, and assembling multicellular genomes?
Abundance of repetitive sequences
What is the primary method used for sequencing multicellular genomes?
Whole-genome shotgun method
What percentage of the human genome has been determined with 99.999% accuracy?
More than 99%
What is the primary function of the ENCODE project?
To build a comprehensive list of functional elements
What percentage of the human DNA is non-coding?
98%
How many genes were discovered in the human genome project?
25,000
What is a major advantage of using bacteria to manufacture protein products?
They can be grown cheaply and rapidly
Why are mammalian cells often used for protein production?
They are better at synthesizing and secreting eukaryotic proteins with chains of sugars
What is a use of genetically modified pigs?
All of the above
What is AquaAdvantage Salmon (AAS) genetically engineered to do?
Grow to market size in half the time of conventional salmon
Why are yeast cells a good choice for manufacturing protein products?
They can integrate foreign DNA into their genomes and secrete proteins
What is an example of a protein that mammalian cells are often used to produce?
All of the above
What is the purpose of creating a genomic library?
To store cloned DNA fragments from a target genome
What is the advantage of using bacteriophages as vectors?
They naturally infect bacterial cells
What is the primary function of a BAC?
To clone DNA sequences in bacterial cells
What was the goal of the Human Genome Project?
To identify the location and sequence of every gene in the human genome
What is a clone in the context of bacterial cell reproduction?
A group of genetically identical cells descended from a single ancestral cell
What is the role of plasmids in a plasmid library?
To clone DNA fragments from a target genome
What is the result of having Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)?
An immune system that is almost nonexistent
What was the outcome of using gene therapy to treat SCID in some patients?
Some patients developed leukaemia, resulting in one fatality
What is the success rate of bone marrow transplants in treating SCID?
60% of the time
What is the name of the disease that gene therapy has been used to treat, which is also known as the 'bubble boy disease'?
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
How many children have been cured of SCID using gene therapy in the past decade?
22
What has been achieved in monkeys using gene therapy?
A cure for Colour Blindness
Learn about biotechnology, the process of manipulating organisms or their components to produce useful products. From ancient yeast fermentation to modern DNA technology, understand the concept and its applications.
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