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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
What is the purpose of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
- To isolate DNA from cells
- To insert foreign DNA into a host organism
- To cut DNA molecules (correct)
- To join DNA molecules
What is the primary goal of genetic engineering?
What is the primary goal of genetic engineering?
- To isolate DNA from cells
- To introduce new traits or characteristics to an organism (correct)
- To produce recombinant proteins
- To develop genetically modified crops
What is a characteristic of recombinant DNA?
What is a characteristic of recombinant DNA?
- It is found in all living organisms
- It combines genetic material from multiple sources (correct)
- It is used to produce genetically modified crops
- It is derived from a single source
What is an example of a bioproduct?
What is an example of a bioproduct?
What is the purpose of ligases in genetic engineering?
What is the purpose of ligases in genetic engineering?
What is a potential application of genetic engineering?
What is a potential application of genetic engineering?
What is the primary purpose of upstream processing in bioprocessing?
What is the primary purpose of upstream processing in bioprocessing?
What is the main goal of regulatory frameworks in biotechnology?
What is the main goal of regulatory frameworks in biotechnology?
Which of the following is an example of a bioproduct?
Which of the following is an example of a bioproduct?
What is the term for the use of biological systems or living organisms to develop products or services?
What is the term for the use of biological systems or living organisms to develop products or services?
Which regulatory agency is responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of biotechnology products in the European Union?
Which regulatory agency is responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of biotechnology products in the European Union?
What is the term for the process of using biological systems or living organisms to clean up pollutants in the environment?
What is the term for the process of using biological systems or living organisms to clean up pollutants in the environment?
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Study Notes
Genetic Engineering
- Definition: The manipulation of an organism's DNA to introduce new traits or characteristics
- Techniques:
- Isolation of DNA from cells
- Cutting and joining DNA molecules using restriction enzymes and ligases
- Insertion of foreign DNA into a host organism using vectors (e.g. plasmids, viruses)
- Applications:
- Production of recombinant proteins (e.g. insulin, vaccines)
- Development of genetically modified crops (e.g. pest-resistant, drought-tolerant)
- Gene therapy for genetic disorders
Recombinant DNA
- Definition: A DNA molecule that combines genetic material from multiple sources
- Formation:
- Cutting DNA molecules using restriction enzymes
- Joining DNA fragments using ligases
- Importance:
- Allows for the creation of new genetic combinations not possible through natural breeding
- Enables the production of recombinant proteins and bioproducts
Bioproducts
- Definition: Products derived from biological sources, such as cells, tissues, or organisms
- Examples:
- Recombinant proteins (e.g. insulin, growth hormone)
- Vaccines
- Antibodies
- Enzymes
- Biofuels
- Applications:
- Pharmaceutical industry
- Agricultural industry
- Environmental remediation
Bioprocessing
- Definition: The use of biological systems or living organisms to develop products or services
- Steps:
- Upstream processing: cell growth, fermentation, and harvesting
- Downstream processing: purification, separation, and formulation
- Applications:
- Production of bioproducts
- Bioremediation
- Biocatalysis
Regulatory Frameworks
- Importance:
- Ensuring the safe and ethical development of biotechnology products
- Protecting the environment and human health
- Examples of regulatory agencies:
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- European Medicines Agency (EMA)
- Regulations:
- Guidelines for genetic modification and gene editing
- Safety protocols for handling and disposal of biotechnology materials
- Labeling and traceability requirements for bioproducts
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