Lecture 7: Daylighting Principles and Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of daylight and artificial light grid ceilings?

  • To enhance sound quality in a building.
  • To primarily use artificial lighting.
  • To create glare and uneven illumination.
  • To illuminate spaces evenly and without glare. (correct)
  • What factor significantly decreases the quantity of light in an atrium with a glazed roof?

  • The color palette of the interior.
  • The type of furniture used in the space.
  • The height of the roof structure.
  • The distance from the glazing roof. (correct)
  • What is the primary material used for constructing atrium membrane roof structures?

  • Three layers of light-translucent flour-polymer film. (correct)
  • Glass sheets.
  • Wooden panels.
  • Concrete slabs.
  • Why are facades recommended to be painted in bright colors in buildings with atriums?

    <p>To reflect light into the interior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of using glass roofs over side lighting?

    <p>They provide three times higher illuminance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of having a grid pattern on the middle film of an atrium roof?

    <p>To reflect sun rays and control light transmittance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor should be considered when designing glass roofs?

    <p>Daylight, transparency, sun protection, and light transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What angle is used to check the light incidence from a skylight?

    <p>30 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lecture 7: Light and Energy - Part III: Daylight

    • Lecture 7 covers daylighting, focusing on general principles, high-level strategies, and glazing.
    • Daylighting includes: general principles, daylighting from above, re-directing daylight, and daylighting and glazing.

    Daylighting: Light from Above - Grid Ceilings

    • Grid ceilings are used in museums, lobbies, and wellness areas.
    • They evenly illuminate the space without glare.
    • Used with both daylight and artificial light sources.
    • Constructed from aluminum profiles.
    • Materials include translucent or printed film, single acrylic glass panels.
    • Light transmittance ranges between 30% and 50%.
    • Some artificial light grid ceilings use alternating colors.

    Glazed Roofs - Atrium - Membrane Roof Structures

    • Light quantity decreases with increasing distance from the glazing roof.
    • Increased illuminance, from cloudless skies and sunlight, increases thermal load.
    • Shading systems control light incidence on lower floors.
    • Facades can reflect light into interior spaces by using bright colors.
    • Atria support natural building ventilation.
    • Structures are described as three layers light-translucent flour-polymer film, inflated to two superposed pillows.
    • Layers include extremely thin film layers, printed with grid patterns, designed to reflect sunlight.
    • The middle layer's grid pattern is offset to form a largely closed surface.
    • Changing air pressure in one chamber moves the middle layer, adjusting light transmittance as needed.
    • Additional shading systems are not required.

    Glass Roof Shapes

    • Glass roofs provide three times the illumination of side lighting.
    • Uniform illumination is achievable depending on the room's use and desired illumination level.
    • Daylight, transparency, and sun protection impact glass transmission considerations.
    • Structures use aluminum profiles, steel, and other materials.

    Skylights

    • Light incidence falls within a 30-degree angle of the skylight, illuminating all areas.
    • The combination of skylights and lateral windows is recommended for optimal performance.
    • Skylight structures are characterized by their emphasized areas and efficiency in lateral fenestration.

    Skylights

    • Skylight shape, arrangement, and design depend on user needs and the desired daylight factor in the space below.
    • Central skylights or intervals positioned to provide uniform illumination are common strategies.
    • Daylight factors are directly correlated to factors including a room's size and proportions.

    Skylights

    • Skylights are designed to emphasize specific zones more effectively than other forms of lateral fenestration.
    • Skylights emphasize space entrance areas.

    Skylights

    • Daylight factors are discussed as depending on arrangement/placement.

    Daylighting redirecting

    • Redirection systems bring daylight deeper in buildings.
    • Daylight systems improve the efficiency of buildings by providing natural light and reducing the use of artificial light.
    • The principles of light deflection relate to material type and placement (roof, façade, or inside/outside locations using north/south).
    • Common examples include metallic, foil, and aluminum materials.

    Daylighting Redirection: Blinds

    • Two-part blinds feature concave shaped lamellae used for light redirection, and convex shaped lamellae to prevent glare.

    Daylight Redirection with Prism Lamellae

    • Sun protection and daylight redirection are achieved via blocking and passing areas through prism's structure.
    • Prisms allow diffuse daylight penetration up to 8 meters.
    • Electronic systems allow for optimal daylight adaptation.
    • Prisms can be installed in façades, skylights, or glazed roofs.

    Daylighting Redirection with Lightshelves

    • Lightshelves can be fastened below the top edge of a window.
    • They are usually fixed at a 90- or 60-degree angle from the window.
    • Materials used for lightshelves are often highly reflective, reducing transparency to improve redirected light incidence.

    Light-Reflecting Ceiling

    • Light is directly transported without glare by daylight systems and using reflective materials such as micro-prism structures.
    • Reflection is enhanced by integrating material into the ceiling's structure, near the window.
    • Designs include concave-shaped lamellae, parallel to the façade, and conical redirection of daylight.

    Holographic Optical Elements

    • Holographic optical elements are designed to split light into its spectral components using extremely thin films.
    • Structures using these elements are integrated into laminated glass in order to achieve increased directionality.
    • Elements are also suitable for diffuse light redirection.

    Daylight Guiding Systems (Light Tubes)

    • Light tubes, also referred to as tubular skylights, light chimneys, or light pipes, transfer light without significant loss.
    • Components include transparent acrylic domes, Fresnel lenses, light collectors, reflective guiding tubes, and prisms.
    • Light tube system designs vary in size.

    Light Tube System

    • Light loss occurs depending on reflectivity and the length of the light tube.
    • Different lengths of light tubes and diameters can achieve varying daylighting.
    • The technology can be used in a variety of applications.

    Light Tube Systems as Luminaires

    • Daylight and/or artificial lights may be directed through the use of Fresnel lenses into a pipe.
    • The pipe acts as a luminaire.
    • The use of high-reflection transparent structures prevent loss during transfer over many meters.
    • The need for direct sunlight input is a disadvantage to the light tube system.

    Heliostat System

    • Daylight guiding is an indirect method for light guidance and is achievable using systems and mirrors to transmit light across longer distances.

    Heliostat System

    • Mirror systems can redirect light multiple times.
    • Mirror size is up to 5 square meters.
    • The effectiveness of heliostat systems heavily depends on direct sunlight availability.
    • Systems are often installed on rooftops.
    • Effective systems reduce energy use and costs for lighting.

    Daylighting: Glazing

    • This section discusses glazing (windows and similar structures) for daylighting.
    • It focuses on the transmittance of light through different types of glass.

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    Related Documents

    Light and Energy Lecture 7 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the principles of daylighting, focusing on strategies such as grid ceilings and glazed roofs. Learn about the effects of daylight on spaces and how materials and design influence light transmittance and thermal load. Test your knowledge of using daylight effectively in various environments.

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