30 Questions
What is the primary aim of disease classification?
Determining the best treatment
How are benign tumors different from malignant tumors?
Benign tumors rarely spread to other parts of the body
What distinguishes a secondary disease from a primary disease?
Secondary diseases are complications of an underlying lesion
In disease nomenclature, what does the term 'idiopathic' imply?
A disease of unknown cause
What is the characteristic of chronic diseases?
Chronic diseases may follow an acute initial episode and have a prolonged course lasting months or years
How do genetic diseases originate?
Due to abnormalities in the genome
What do standard conventions in disease nomenclature help achieve?
Improve communication and enable accurate epidemiological studies
What is the purpose of identifying the causation of a disease through nomenclature?
"To describe the causation of a disease"
"Why are eponymous names used in disease classification?"
"To honor people or places associated with specific diseases"
"What do prefixes and suffixes help clarify in disease nomenclature?"
"The pathological features of the disease"
Congenital diseases can be classified into genetic and non-genetic types. What is an example of a non-genetic congenital disease?
Spina bifida
Which term describes the mechanism by which cancer-causing agents lead to the development of tumors?
Carcinogenesis
What type of lesions are responsible for ill health, such as a myocardial infarction?
Degenerative lesions
What is the primary purpose of prognosis in medical diagnosis?
To provide information to patients
What is the term used to describe an aggregate of signs and symptoms necessary for recognizing or diagnosing a disease?
Syndrome
What type of study involves looking backward over a period to examine past exposure to suspected etiological factors?
Retrospective study
Which term refers to the pathology of populations and the distribution of diseases in relation to place and time?
Epidemiology
'Idiopathic' diseases are classified under what category?
'Unknown etiology' diseases
What percentage of births in the UK are affected by congenital diseases?
5%
In which disorders do inflammatory, hemodynamic, growth, injury, disordered repair, disordered immunity, metabolic, and degenerative disorders fall under?
Acquired disorders
What is the primary purpose of performing medicolegal autopsies?
To determine the cause of death
Which type of autopsies are conducted on patients who die in hospitals with unclear diagnoses?
Clinical autopsies (non-medicolegal)
What are the two main recognized types of cell death resulting from irreversible injury?
Apoptosis and necrosis
Which of the following is a mechanism of cell injury caused by oxygen-derived free radicals?
Protein- protein cross-linkages
In cell injury, what results from functional and biochemical abnormalities in essential cellular components?
Cell injury
Which process is initiated when the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids of membrane lipids are attacked by oxygen-derived free radicals?
Lipid peroxidation of membranes
What is the primary aim of studying cellular responses to stimuli in the context of cell injury?
To understand cellular adaptation mechanisms
What role do oxygen-derived free radicals play in causing cellular injury?
Initiation of oxidative damage
What is the main purpose of ROS generation within cells?
Causing oxidative damage
What happens when cells fail to meet the demand of a challenge that is too great or lasts too long?
They show signs of injury such as change or loss of function
Learn about the nomenclature of diseases in pathology and medicine, including the concept, uniform nomenclature system, common terms, prefixes, and suffixes used in disease names. Understand how standardized conventions help in communication and accurate epidemiological studies.
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