Nomenclature of Disease and Disease Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of disease classification?

  • Understanding the patient's medical history
  • Describing the signs and symptoms of diseases
  • Determining the best treatment (correct)
  • Identifying the most common diseases

How are benign tumors different from malignant tumors?

  • Malignant tumors are never life-threatening
  • Benign tumors rarely spread to other parts of the body (correct)
  • Malignant tumors remain localized in the tissue of origin
  • Benign tumors are always fatal

What distinguishes a secondary disease from a primary disease?

  • Primary diseases have an apparent cause
  • Secondary diseases have a rapid onset
  • Primary diseases are always fatal
  • Secondary diseases are complications of an underlying lesion (correct)

In disease nomenclature, what does the term 'idiopathic' imply?

<p>A disease of unknown cause (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of chronic diseases?

<p>Chronic diseases may follow an acute initial episode and have a prolonged course lasting months or years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do genetic diseases originate?

<p>Due to abnormalities in the genome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do standard conventions in disease nomenclature help achieve?

<p>Improve communication and enable accurate epidemiological studies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying the causation of a disease through nomenclature?

<p>&quot;To describe the causation of a disease&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Why are eponymous names used in disease classification?"

<p>&quot;To honor people or places associated with specific diseases&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"What do prefixes and suffixes help clarify in disease nomenclature?"

<p>&quot;The pathological features of the disease&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Congenital diseases can be classified into genetic and non-genetic types. What is an example of a non-genetic congenital disease?

<p>Spina bifida (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the mechanism by which cancer-causing agents lead to the development of tumors?

<p>Carcinogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesions are responsible for ill health, such as a myocardial infarction?

<p>Degenerative lesions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of prognosis in medical diagnosis?

<p>To provide information to patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe an aggregate of signs and symptoms necessary for recognizing or diagnosing a disease?

<p>Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of study involves looking backward over a period to examine past exposure to suspected etiological factors?

<p>Retrospective study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the pathology of populations and the distribution of diseases in relation to place and time?

<p>Epidemiology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Idiopathic' diseases are classified under what category?

<p>'Unknown etiology' diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of births in the UK are affected by congenital diseases?

<p>5% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which disorders do inflammatory, hemodynamic, growth, injury, disordered repair, disordered immunity, metabolic, and degenerative disorders fall under?

<p>Acquired disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing medicolegal autopsies?

<p>To determine the cause of death (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of autopsies are conducted on patients who die in hospitals with unclear diagnoses?

<p>Clinical autopsies (non-medicolegal) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main recognized types of cell death resulting from irreversible injury?

<p>Apoptosis and necrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism of cell injury caused by oxygen-derived free radicals?

<p>Protein- protein cross-linkages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cell injury, what results from functional and biochemical abnormalities in essential cellular components?

<p>Cell injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is initiated when the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids of membrane lipids are attacked by oxygen-derived free radicals?

<p>Lipid peroxidation of membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of studying cellular responses to stimuli in the context of cell injury?

<p>To understand cellular adaptation mechanisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do oxygen-derived free radicals play in causing cellular injury?

<p>Initiation of oxidative damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of ROS generation within cells?

<p>Causing oxidative damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when cells fail to meet the demand of a challenge that is too great or lasts too long?

<p>They show signs of injury such as change or loss of function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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