Nomenclature of Disease and Disease Classification

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What is the primary aim of disease classification?

Understanding the patient's medical history

Describing the signs and symptoms of diseases

Determining the best treatment (correct)

Identifying the most common diseases

How are benign tumors different from malignant tumors?

Malignant tumors are never life-threatening

Benign tumors rarely spread to other parts of the body (correct)

Malignant tumors remain localized in the tissue of origin

Benign tumors are always fatal

What distinguishes a secondary disease from a primary disease?

Primary diseases have an apparent cause

Secondary diseases have a rapid onset

Primary diseases are always fatal

Secondary diseases are complications of an underlying lesion (correct)

In disease nomenclature, what does the term 'idiopathic' imply?

A disease of unknown cause Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of chronic diseases?

Chronic diseases may follow an acute initial episode and have a prolonged course lasting months or years Signup and view all the answers

How do genetic diseases originate?

Due to abnormalities in the genome Signup and view all the answers

What do standard conventions in disease nomenclature help achieve?

Improve communication and enable accurate epidemiological studies Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying the causation of a disease through nomenclature?

"To describe the causation of a disease" Signup and view all the answers

"Why are eponymous names used in disease classification?"

"To honor people or places associated with specific diseases" Signup and view all the answers

"What do prefixes and suffixes help clarify in disease nomenclature?"

"The pathological features of the disease" Signup and view all the answers

Congenital diseases can be classified into genetic and non-genetic types. What is an example of a non-genetic congenital disease?

Spina bifida Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the mechanism by which cancer-causing agents lead to the development of tumors?

Carcinogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesions are responsible for ill health, such as a myocardial infarction?

Degenerative lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of prognosis in medical diagnosis?

To provide information to patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe an aggregate of signs and symptoms necessary for recognizing or diagnosing a disease?

Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What type of study involves looking backward over a period to examine past exposure to suspected etiological factors?

Retrospective study Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the pathology of populations and the distribution of diseases in relation to place and time?

Epidemiology Signup and view all the answers

'Idiopathic' diseases are classified under what category?

'Unknown etiology' diseases Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of births in the UK are affected by congenital diseases?

5% Signup and view all the answers

In which disorders do inflammatory, hemodynamic, growth, injury, disordered repair, disordered immunity, metabolic, and degenerative disorders fall under?

Acquired disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing medicolegal autopsies?

To determine the cause of death Signup and view all the answers

Which type of autopsies are conducted on patients who die in hospitals with unclear diagnoses?

Clinical autopsies (non-medicolegal) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main recognized types of cell death resulting from irreversible injury?

Apoptosis and necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism of cell injury caused by oxygen-derived free radicals?

Protein- protein cross-linkages Signup and view all the answers

In cell injury, what results from functional and biochemical abnormalities in essential cellular components?

Cell injury Signup and view all the answers

Which process is initiated when the double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids of membrane lipids are attacked by oxygen-derived free radicals?

Lipid peroxidation of membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of studying cellular responses to stimuli in the context of cell injury?

To understand cellular adaptation mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What role do oxygen-derived free radicals play in causing cellular injury?

Initiation of oxidative damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of ROS generation within cells?

Causing oxidative damage Signup and view all the answers

What happens when cells fail to meet the demand of a challenge that is too great or lasts too long?

They show signs of injury such as change or loss of function Signup and view all the answers