Pathology and Medicine Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children?

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Which soft tissue neoplasm is characterized by irritation to denture?

Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma

Fibroma

Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia (correct)

Giant Cell Fibroma

Neurofibroma mainly originates from adipose tissue.

False

Hemangiopericytoma originates from the _____ in the walls of capillaries.

pericytes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following salivary gland tumors with their descriptions:

Mixed Tumor = Most common salivary gland tumor with mesenchymal and epithelial-like formation Myoepithelioma = Tumor seen in 40% parotid and 21% hard and soft palate Warthin’s tumor = Tumor associated with smoking, most likely to be bilateral Mucoepidermoid carcinoma = Most common malignant salivary gland tumor Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma = "Cheese-like pattern" tumor, exhibits pain and paresthesia Signup and view all the answers

What is a macule?

A macule is a flat, usually pigmented lesion. Signup and view all the answers

What is a plaque?

A plaque is a slightly elevated lesion with a flat surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperkeratosis?

Thickening of the keratin layer of the epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is a papule?

A papule is a circumscribed elevated area, usually 5mm in size, often pink. Signup and view all the answers

What is an erosion?

Partial loss of epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is ulceration?

Ulceration is a full thickness loss of epithelium. Signup and view all the answers

What is a vesicle?

A vesicle is an elevated fluid-filled lesion, usually 5mm in diameter. Signup and view all the answers

What is a sessile lesion?

A sessile lesion is a growth pattern where the base is the widest part of the lesion. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pedunculated lesion?

A pedunculated lesion is a growth pattern where the base is narrower than the widest part of the lesion. Signup and view all the answers

What is a papillary lesion?

A papillary lesion is a growth pattern with numerous rounded surface projections. Signup and view all the answers

What is a verrucous lesion?

A verrucous lesion is a growth pattern with a rough or wart-like surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common non-odontogenic cyst?

Nasopalatine duct cyst Signup and view all the answers

What is a dentigerous cyst?

A dentigerous cyst is a type of odontogenic cyst that develops around the crown of an unerupted tooth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common odontogenic cyst?

Apical periodontal cyst Signup and view all the answers

What is Paget's disease?

Paget's disease is a bone disorder characterized by excessive bone resorption and formation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Soft Tissue Neoplasms

Rhabdomyosarcoma: most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, originates from skeletal muscle
Leiomyosarcoma:
Liposarcoma: originates from adipose tissue
Hemangiopericytoma: originates from pericytes in the walls of capillaries, with a variant called Infantile Hemangiopericytoma that presents as single or multiple dermal and subcutaneous nodules

Soft Tissue Neoplasm

Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia: irritation to denture
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: seen exclusively in the gingiva, originates from the periodontal ligament
Giant Cell Fibroma: common sites include the gingiva, tongue, and palate, with a variant that occurs in the gingiva, particularly on the palatal part of the 2nd and 7th teeth
Fibroma: firm, asymptomatic nodule, commonly seen in the buccal mucosa and lower lip
Neurofibroma: seen on the tongue, originates from perineural fibroblasts
Neurofibromatosis: characterized by café-au-lait spots and skeletal abnormalities such as macrocephaly
Neurilemoma: originates from Schwann cells, with a histological feature of Antoni A and Antoni B
Hemangioma: seen at birth or childhood, commonly seen in the lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa, with two types: capillary hemangioma and cavernous hemangioma
Sturge-Weber syndrome: a vascular malformation of the cerebral meninges causing neurological disorders, with a characteristic "port wine stain" on the face
Lymphangioma: seen in the tongue, lips, and neck, also known as cystic hygroma

Salivary Gland Pathology

Benign tumors:
- Mixed Tumor: most common salivary gland tumor, with a mixture of mesenchymal and epithelial-like formations
- Myoepithelioma: 40% parotid, 21% hard and soft palate
- Warthin's tumor: 95% parotid gland, associated with smoking
- Basal cell adenoma: parotid
- Canalicular adenoma: most common in the upper lip
Malignant tumors:
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: most common malignant salivary gland tumor
- Acinic cell adenocarcinoma: 2nd most common malignant salivary gland tumor, parotid gland
- Adenoid cystic carcinoma: "cheese-like pattern", with pain and paresthesia
- Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma: minor gland tumor, "Indian-file" pattern, most common in the palate
- Carcinoma ex-mixed tumor: rapid growth after a long indolent course, most common in the parotid

Non-Neoplastic Disorders

Mucus escape reaction: bluish dome-shaped swelling, lower lip
Sialolithiasis: deposition of calcium salts around the duct, forming a stone called sialolith
Necrotizing sialometaplasia: idiopathic cause, most common in the posterior hard palate, with "my palate fell out" and crater-like ulcerations
Benign cyst of the parotid: idiopathic cause, can be associated with HIV
Benign lymphoepithelial lesions: bilateral painless swelling of the lacrimal and salivary glands, 80% in the parotid

Pigmented and Vascular Lesions

Ephelis: macular pigmented lesion in sun-exposed areas, vermillion border
Lentigo simplex: tends to occur in areas not exposed to sunlight
Nevi:
- Melanocytic nevi: most common human tumor
- Congenital nevi: appears at birth, "bathing trunk" nevus
- Blue nevi:
  - Common blue: palate and hands
  - Cellular blue: buttocks
Malignant melanoma:
- Tumors of melanocytes, commonly seen in the head and neck
- "ABCD" rule:
  - A: asymmetry
  - B: border (irregular)
  - C: color (brown, black)
  - D: diameter (>6mm)
- Locations: BANS (back, arm, neck, scalp)
- Types:
  - Superficial: most common form of melanoma with radial growth
  - Acral lentigenous: most common in blacks, most common form in the oral cavity: hard palate, gingiva, and alveolar mucosa
  - Nodular: lesions begin in vertical growth
  - Lentigo maligna:

Syndromes of the Head and Neck

45X0: Turner syndrome
45Y: lethal
47XXX: superwoman
47XXY: Klinefelter
47XY or Trisomy 21: Down syndrome
Gardner syndrome:
- See polyps of large intestine
- Clinical features: osteomas, fibromas of the skin, multiple unerupted permanent and supernumerary teeth
Crouzon's syndrome:
- "Frog-like face" (mid-face hypoplasia)
- Crouzon's with syndactyly and hearing loss due to stapes fixation = Apert's syndrome
Cleidocranial dysplasia:
- "Wormian bodies" (suture remains open)
- Prominent frontal, parietal, and occipital bones
- Oral: high arched palate, small maxillary
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome:
- Clinical features: multiple OKC, bifid ribs, kyphoscoliosis, and calcification of the falx cerebri
Papillon-Levefre syndrome:
- Periodontitis in children
Cowden syndrome:
- Clinical features: multiple nodular and papular lesions resulting in cobblestone appearance
- Most common sites: tongue, buccal mucosa, and gingiva

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Description

Test your knowledge of soft tissue sarcomas, neoplasms, and salivary gland tumors. This quiz covers various topics in pathology and medicine, including neurofibroma, hemangiopericytoma, and more.