Learning Psychology Overview

Detailed and vivid recollection of traumatic or remarkable events.

Learning through impulsive reactions to environmental or social pressures.

Associating events or objects with specific meanings.

Creating a stronger association between a behavior and its consequences, making the behavior more likely to occur again.

Gradually shaping a new behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior.

Adopting strict responses after exhausting all other options; giving up on reaction.

Learning through rewards and punishments.

Avoiding unpleasant stimuli by changing behavior; like taking painkillers to escape pain.

A type of learning where an association is formed between a neutral stimulus and a naturally occurring response.

A type of learning where behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on their consequences.

The process of integrating new information into existing beliefs, often leading to biased interpretations.

The belief in one's ability to control a situation or outcome.

Central convictions or opinions that guide our goals and behavior, formed through learning and experience.

Assumptions or convictions that are considered true, based on experience and knowledge.

Mental models we use to interpret and understand the world. They include both abstract concepts and concrete images.

The way we describe and explain the world to ourselves, influenced by our culture and individual experiences.

A measurement scale that assigns numerical values to responses, with 1 representing 'Strongly Disagree' and 5 representing 'Strongly Agree'.

A measurement scale that requires participants to answer all versions of a question, with slight variations in each, to determine their level of agreement.

A measurement tool that uses a scale with opposite ends (e.g., 'important' and 'unimportant') to gauge attitudes and opinions.

A measurement scale that gauges social distance, assessing individuals' willingness to interact with different social groups.

A measure of customer loyalty that classifies customers into three categories: promoters, passives, and detractors.

Surveys designed to gather specific information about customers' experiences with products or services, offering real-time insights.

A type of consumer research involving focus groups and interviews to explore the reasons behind customer choices and preferences.

A study focused on how individuals or groups make decisions and choices related to products, services, or experiences to fulfill their needs and desires.

Dominant personality traits that shape an individual's life and choices.

General personality traits that influence behavior in various situations.

Specific behaviors that are influenced by the context or situation.

A theory proposing that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy, with basic needs like physiological and safety preceding higher needs like esteem and self-actualization.

A personality trait that reflects curiosity, creativity, and a willingness to explore new experiences.

A personality trait that reflects organization, discipline, and goal-oriented behavior.

A personality trait that reflects extroverted behaviors, such as energy, sociability, and assertiveness.

A personality trait that reflects a focus on compassion, cooperation, and empathy towards others.

A situation that potentially causes harm but the individual believes they can overcome.

A situation where the individual believes harm is likely to occur.

A situation where the individual believes harm is inevitable.

Strategies that focus on managing the emotional impact of a challenging situation.

Strategies aimed at directly addressing the problem or challenge.

Methods for measuring physiological responses (like skin conductance, heart rate) to understand consumer emotions.

Methods for studying consumer thoughts and feelings through interviews and surveys.

Methods for observing consumer behavior, like purchasing patterns, reaction times, and brand loyalty.

The study of motivation focuses on internal, cognitive (thoughts), emotional (feelings), and social processes that initiate and guide behavior.

Motivation originates from the desire to satisfy three fundamental needs: achievement, power, and affiliation. Each person has a primary dominating need that influences their behavior from childhood.

The need for achievement is characterized by the desire to excel in tasks and reach goals, seeking challenges and feedback.

The need for power is marked by a desire to influence and control others, ranging from personal influence to organizational leadership.

The need for affiliation involves the desire for belonging, connection, and acceptance from others, valuing collaboration and harmony.

The 'Expectancy-Value Theory' uses a mathematical formula to calculate motivation, factoring in the probability of achieving a desired outcome and the value of the outcome once achieved.

Behaviorism emphasizes external factors (rewards, punishments) as motivators, while cognitivism focuses on intrinsic, internal motivations (satisfaction, personal meaning).

Behaviorism emphasizes goals that serve instrumental purposes (achieving a tangible reward), while cognitivism focuses on goals that directly satisfy our fundamental needs.