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Questions and Answers
What is the key to Toyota Motor Corporation's success?
What is central to the Toyota Production System (TPS)?
What makes problems immediately evident in lean operations?
What is fundamental to the Toyota Production System (TPS)?
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What is the primary technique contributing to Toyota's success?
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What is central to lean operations?
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What is the primary focus of Lean operations?
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Which of the following is considered a waste according to Ohno's seven wastes?
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What is the purpose of 'Sort/segregate' in the 5Ss approach?
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What are the three fundamental issues encompassed by Lean operations?
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What is the main goal of the Toyota Production System (TPS)?
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What does Just-in-time (JIT) focus on?
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What is included in Ohno's seven wastes?
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What is the primary purpose of the 5Ss approach?
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'Shine/sweep' in the 5Ss approach mainly involves:
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'Standardize' in the 5Ss approach aims to:
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What is the objective of a process control system?
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What is the primary purpose of Statistical Process Control (SPC)?
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What is the role of the central limit theorem in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?
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What does the term 'Acceptance Sampling' refer to?
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What is the purpose of building x-charts and R-charts in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?
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What does 'process capability' and computing Cp and CpK aim to achieve in Statistical Process Control (SPC)?
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What is the purpose of control charts in statistical process control?
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What is the term for variations that can be traced to a specific reason and are generally some change in the process?
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Which type of output measures follow a probability distribution and are affected by virtually all production processes?
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What do control charts for variables help in tracking?
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In statistical process control, what is the measure of central tendency and dispersion for any distribution of outputs?
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Which statement best represents the purpose of natural variations in statistical process control?
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In statistical process control, what is the term for variations that provide a statistical signal when assignable causes are present?
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What is the primary objective of constructing control charts in statistical process control?
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Study Notes
Toyota Motor Corporation Success Factors
- Key to success: Emphasis on quality, efficiency, and continuous improvement.
- Central feature of Toyota Production System (TPS): Elimination of waste through lean principles.
- Problems are immediately evident in lean operations due to visual management tools and the culture of transparency.
Lean Operations Principles
- Fundamental TPS elements: Just-in-time (JIT) production, automation with a human touch, and continuous improvement (kaizen).
- Primary technique contributing to Toyota's success: JIT, aimed at reducing inventory and increasing efficiency.
- Core focus of lean operations: Delivering value to the customer by streamlining processes and minimizing waste.
Waste Identification
- Ohno's seven wastes include overproduction, waiting, transportation, extra processing, inventory, motion, and defects.
- Purpose of 'Sort/segregate' in 5Ss: To declutter the workspace, ensuring necessary items are easily accessible while eliminating non-essential items.
Lean Operations Challenges
- Three fundamental issues in Lean operations: Value definition from the customer's perspective, waste identification, and continuous improvement.
- Main goal of TPS: Achieve high efficiency and quality through waste reduction and continuous process enhancements.
Just-in-Time (JIT) Focus
- Just-in-time production prioritizes the minimization of inventory and ensuring that materials arrive only as needed for production.
Statistical Process Control (SPC) Insights
- Primary purpose of SPC: Monitor and control production processes to maintain consistent quality.
- Role of the central limit theorem: It explains the distribution of sample means around a process mean, crucial for understanding process behavior.
Process Control Systems Objectives
- Objective of process control systems: Ensure that production remains within set quality limits and specifications.
- Acceptance Sampling: A quality control measure that determines whether to accept or reject a batch of products based on sample inspection.
- Building x-charts and R-charts allows for tracking of process mean and variability, aiding in maintaining control over production processes.
Variations in Production Processes
- 'Process capability': Measurements of how well a process meets specified limits, calculated using Cp and CpK metrics.
- Control charts in statistical process control serve to detect changes in process performance over time by signaling variations.
- Assignable cause variation: Variations that can be traced to specific sources or changes in the process.
Performance Measures in SPC
- Output measures in SPC typically follow a probability distribution and are influenced by most production processes.
- Control charts for variables assist in tracking mean and variation in continuous data.
- For any distribution of outputs, the measure of central tendency and dispersion are typically the mean and standard deviation.
Natural Variations
- Statement regarding natural variations in SPC: These variations are expected and represent inherent fluctuations within the process.
- Variations that signal assignable causes exist when significant discrepancies from the mean indicate an issue needing investigation.
Control Chart Objectives
- Primary objective of constructing control charts: To assist in identifying when processes are drifting away from the control limits, indicating potential quality issues.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Chapter 16: Lean Operations, covering topics like the Toyota Production System, lean organizations, and lean in services from the book Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management Fourteenth Edition.