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Questions and Answers
If a plant cell's turgor pressure decreases, which of the following mechanisms would be directly affected?
If a plant cell's turgor pressure decreases, which of the following mechanisms would be directly affected?
- The opening and closing of the stomata. (correct)
- The rate of carbon dioxide diffusion into the mesophyll cells.
- The synthesis of glucose during photosynthesis.
- The rate at which water is transported through the xylem.
How would you expect the structure of a leaf from a plant adapted to arid conditions to differ from that of a plant in a water-rich environment?
How would you expect the structure of a leaf from a plant adapted to arid conditions to differ from that of a plant in a water-rich environment?
- Larger air spaces within the palisade mesophyll to store more carbon dioxide.
- A thinner waxy cuticle to facilitate greater water loss and cooling through transpiration.
- Fewer stomata on the lower epidermis to minimize water loss. (correct)
- Increased surface area of spongy mesophyll cells in contact with air spaces for efficient gas exchange.
What is the direct impact of a fully formed, impermeable waxy cuticle on the upper epidermis of a leaf?
What is the direct impact of a fully formed, impermeable waxy cuticle on the upper epidermis of a leaf?
- It restricts the unregulated loss of water from the leaf. (correct)
- It promotes the transpiration stream by increasing water evaporation.
- It facilitates the diffusion of carbon dioxide into the mesophyll layer.
- It enhances the leaf's ability to absorb more sunlight for photosynthesis.
What is the primary reason for the high concentration of chloroplasts in the palisade mesophyll cells of a leaf?
What is the primary reason for the high concentration of chloroplasts in the palisade mesophyll cells of a leaf?
Which statement describes the role of air spaces in the spongy mesophyll layer of a leaf?
Which statement describes the role of air spaces in the spongy mesophyll layer of a leaf?
Which factor would cause stomata to close?
Which factor would cause stomata to close?
How does the arrangement of palisade mesophyll cells contribute to the overall function of a leaf?
How does the arrangement of palisade mesophyll cells contribute to the overall function of a leaf?
How might a plant compensate for a reduced number of stomata on its leaves?
How might a plant compensate for a reduced number of stomata on its leaves?
What is the result of lower epidermis being located on the lower surface of the leaf?
What is the result of lower epidermis being located on the lower surface of the leaf?
What is the relative difference between inner and outer cell walls of guard cells and why is that important?
What is the relative difference between inner and outer cell walls of guard cells and why is that important?
Flashcards
Upper Epidermis
Upper Epidermis
Outer layer of cells; protects against water loss and allows light to pass through.
Waxy Cuticle
Waxy Cuticle
A waterproof layer that covers the epidermis of leaves. It prevents water loss.
Palisade Mesophyll
Palisade Mesophyll
Tightly packed cells with chloroplasts; absorbs light for photosynthesis.
Spongy Mesophyll
Spongy Mesophyll
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Stomata
Stomata
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Guard Cells
Guard Cells
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Xylem
Xylem
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Phloem
Phloem
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Transpiration Stream
Transpiration Stream
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Turgid
Turgid
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Study Notes
Tissues in Leaves
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Leaves are organs that contain many tissues working together to perform photosynthesis.
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The surface area to volume ratio of leaves is increased by their flattened shape and internal air spaces.
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Waxy Cuticle
- It makes the leaf waterproof.
- It prevents water loss.
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Upper Epidermis
- It is a single layer of cells.
- It protects against water loss.
- It is transparent to allow light to pass through.
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Palisade Mesophyll
- These are tightly packed cells.
- They have lots of chloroplasts to absorb light for photosynthesis.
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Spongy Mesophyll
- Composed of spherical cells.
- It has lots of air spaces to allow gases to diffuse quickly.
- It has a large surface area to volume ratio to increase gas exchange
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Lower Epidermis
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Guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata.
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Stomata are tiny openings on the lower surface of the leaf that allow gases to move into and out of the leaf.
Tissues in the Stem and Roots
- Stem: vascular bundle, xylem, pholem
- Root: xylem, pholem
Stomata
- Stomata are tiny openings in the undersides of leaves, which reduces water loss through evaporation.
- They control gas exchange and water loss from leaves.
- They allow diffusion of carbon dioxide into the plant for photosynthesis.
- They allow diffusion of oxygen out of the plant.
- Guard cells are used to open and close the stomata.
- When a plant has plenty of water, the guard cells become turgid because the cell wall on the inner surface is very thick.
- As the guard cells swell up, they curve away from each other, opening the stoma.
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