Leaf Anatomy and Plant Cell Structure

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Questions and Answers

What structure in plant cells is responsible for carrying hereditary material?

Chloroplast

Mitochondria

Cytoplasm

Nucleus (correct)

Which of the following characteristics is NOT a feature of plant cells?

Presence of plastids

Presence of large vacuoles

Presence of plasmodesma

Presence of cell wall composed of chitin (correct)

Dermal tissues in plants primarily function to:

Store energy

Provide structural support

Conduct water and nutrients

Protect the plant's outer surface (correct)

Among the types of stomata, which type involves subsidiary cells that are all of equal size?

Ranunculaceous Signup and view all the answers

What primary type of plant tissue is responsible for transport of water and nutrients?

Vascular tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the plant cell wall is primarily responsible for its rigidity?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

The openings in the epidermis engineered for gaseous exchange are known as:

Stomata Signup and view all the answers

Which feature delineates dermal tissue from other plant tissue types?

Lack of intercellular spaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the orientation of the subsidiary cells in a diacytic type of stoma?

Perpendicular to the osteole Signup and view all the answers

Which type of non-glandular hair is characterized by a structure that is branched and simple?

Simple branched hair Signup and view all the answers

Which type of trichome has a unicellular stalk and a bicellular head?

Bicellular head with unicellular stalk glandular hair Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hair involves multiple cells in both its stalk and head structure?

Multicellular head with multicellular stalk glandular hair Signup and view all the answers

In the classification of trichomes, what differentiates glandular hairs from non-glandular hairs?

The presence of glands on their heads Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes a hair that is uniseriate and unbranched?

Uniseriate, unbranched, non-glandular hair Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of a stellate non-glandular hair?

Star-shaped with multiple radiating branches Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes peltate non-glandular hairs from other types?

They have a broad, umbrella-like structure Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Leaf Anatomy

Cytology is the scientific study of cells, the basic unit of living organisms.
Plant cells are characterized by a cell wall surrounding the plasma membrane, enclosing the cytoplasm where organelles reside.
The cytoplasm and nucleus together form the protoplasm, with the nucleus containing the hereditary material.
Plant cells possess characteristics differing from other eukaryotic cells, including a cell wall made of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin (unlike chitin in fungi or peptidoglycan in bacteria).
Plastids, large vacuoles, and plasmodesmata connecting neighboring protoplasts are unique features.
Plant anatomy, also known as micromorphology and plant histology, examines the microscopic structure of cells, tissues, and organs.
A group of cells with identical form and function is called a tissue.
Plant tissues are categorized into dermal, ground, and vascular tissues.

Dermal Tissues

Dermal tissues cover plant surfaces and consist of epidermal cells, stomata, and trichomes (hairs).
Epidermal cells form a single layer with no intercellular spaces.
Cell shapes and arrangements vary across plant species.
A waxy cuticle (made of cutin) covers epidermal cells, providing water impermeability.
Cuticle characteristics (smooth, warty, or striated) vary.
Upper and lower epidermis differ structurally.

Stomata

Stomata are pores in the epidermis enabling gas exchange.
They typically consist of a pair of guard cells surrounding a pore (ostiole).
Stomata are found on both surfaces or solely on the lower surface.
Subsidiary cells surround the stomata; their arrangement types are identified below.

Stomata Types

Anomocytic (Ranunculaceous): subsidiary cells are similar in size.
Anisocytic (Cruciferous): three unequal-sized subsidiary cells surround the stoma.
Paracytic (Rubiaceous): two subsidiary cells with long axes parallel to the pore.
Diacytic (Caryophyllaceous): two subsidiary cells with long axes perpendicular to the pore.

Trichomes (Hairs)

Trichomes are outgrowths of epidermal cells in various shapes and sizes.
Short, conical trichomes are called papillae.
Long trichomes protect plants.
Trichomes are classified into glandular and non-glandular types.

Non-glandular trichomes

Unicellular: These are one-celled hairs. Some examples include:
- Papillae (simple, short, conical hairs).
- Cystolith hairs (contain calcium carbonate).
- Warty hairs (with a warty cuticle)
Multicellular: These are multiple-celled structures, further classified as unbranched or branched hairs. Some examples include:
- Uniseriate (single row).
- Biseriate (two rows).
- Pluriseriate (multiple rows).
- Simple branched (with two branches).
- Stellate (star-shaped).
- Peltate (having a flattened base).
- Candelabra hairs (having multiple branches from a central axis).

Glandular Trichomes

These possess glands on their head(s) distinguishing them from non-glandular.
Unicellular or multicellular glands may be present.

Other structures

Unicellular or Multicellular stalks may accompany the head structures in glandular hairs. Some examples include:
- Uniseriate stalks
- Biseriate stalks
- Pluriseriate stalks
- Branched stalks

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Description

This quiz explores the intricacies of leaf anatomy and the various components of plant cells. Delve into topics such as cytology, the unique features of plant cells, and the classification of plant tissues. Test your knowledge on the microscopic structures that play crucial roles in plant physiology.