Leadership Traits and Effectiveness
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following traits is most strongly associated with effective leadership?

  • Agreeableness
  • Openness to Experience
  • Extraversion (correct)
  • Neuroticism

High emotional intelligence (EQ) includes characteristics like self-awareness and social skills.

True (A)

What is the impact of high self-esteem on leaders' behavior towards their subordinates?

Leaders with high self-esteem are more supportive and administer punishment more effectively.

Leaders who prioritize employee well-being and demonstrate concern for employee feelings are considered __________ leaders.

<p>people-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is negatively correlated with leadership effectiveness?

<p>Agreeableness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the leadership traits with their descriptions:

<p>IQ = General mental ability connected to leadership EQ = Emotional intelligence that includes self-awareness and social skills Extraversion = Strong predictor of leadership emergence Integrity = Demonstrating honesty and fostering trustworthiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Task-oriented behaviors focus on providing emotional support to employees.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one trait from the Big Five personality framework that relates to leadership effectiveness.

<p>Extraversion or Conscientiousness or Openness to Experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of authentic leadership?

<p>Dominance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Open communication with employees fosters trust and engagement.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to develop humility as a leader?

<p>Engaging in volunteer work</p> Signup and view all the answers

Understanding individual goals involves getting to know employees' __________, priorities, and aspirations.

<p>values</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following practices with their benefits:

<p>Identifying core values = Ensures consistency in actions Reflecting on life events = Shapes personal growth Journaling challenges = Tracks progress Using positive language = Creates a collaborative environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method can help in reflecting on personal successes and challenges?

<p>Journaling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Community engagement is unrelated to the servant leader's focus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style is characterized by the leader making decisions independently?

<p>Authoritarian Decision Making (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can leaders ensure their actions align with their values?

<p>By evaluating their actions regularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Task-oriented behaviors consistently lead to higher employee satisfaction.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What decision-making style is generally associated with higher employee satisfaction?

<p>Democratic Decision Making</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excessively high levels of task-oriented behaviors can lead to employee __________.

<p>burnout</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following decision-making styles with their associated characteristics:

<p>Authoritarian Decision Making = Leader makes decisions independently Democratic Decision Making = Employees involved in decisions Laissez-Faire Decision Making = Hands-off approach by the leader Task-oriented Behaviors = Higher productivity in small companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context are task-oriented behaviors found to be more effective?

<p>Smaller companies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Laissez-faire decision-making is linked to lower employee satisfaction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one limitation of behavioral approaches to leadership?

<p>They do not consider the impact of the environment or context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style is most suitable for followers with low competence and high commitment?

<p>Directing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Situational Leadership Theory, follower readiness is solely based on their commitment level.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed Situational Leadership Theory?

<p>Kenneth Blanchard and Paul Hersey</p> Signup and view all the answers

The two dimensions that define follower readiness according to Situational Leadership Theory are competence and ______.

<p>commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the levels of follower readiness with their descriptions:

<p>Low competence, high commitment = Enthusiastic but lacking skills Low competence, low commitment = Lacking both skills and motivation Moderate to high competence, variable commitment = Some skills but may lack confidence High competence, high commitment = Highly skilled and motivated</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized by Path-Goal Theory of Leadership?

<p>Clarifying the path for followers to achieve their goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fiedler's theory emphasizes the role of context in leadership.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of overreliance on Situational Leadership Theory?

<p>It is not advisable to rely solely on SLT at the expense of other models.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of leadership focuses on rewarding employees for exhibiting desirable behaviors?

<p>Transactional Leadership (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Authentic leaders are encouraged to change their values depending on the situation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of high-quality Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) relationships?

<p>Trust</p> Signup and view all the answers

Servant leaders prioritize the needs of their employees over __________ goals.

<p>organizational</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the leadership skills with the respective leadership styles:

<p>Charismatic Leadership = Vision communication and challenging norms Servant Leadership = Focus on employee needs and development Authentic Leadership = Personal integrity and self-awareness Transactional Leadership = Rewarding desired behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of charismatic leaders?

<p>Prioritizing organizational goals over individual needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leader-Member Exchange Theory emphasizes the importance of relationships in leadership.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one skill that charismatic leaders use to strengthen their message.

<p>Body language</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Fiedler's Contingency Theory emphasize?

<p>Situational effectiveness of different leadership styles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A high LPC score indicates a task-oriented leader.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three factors that determine a situation's favourableness according to Fiedler?

<p>Leader-subordinate relations, position power, task structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leaders who score low on the LPC scale are identified as __________ leaders.

<p>task-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leaders does Fiedler's theory predict to be most effective in highly unfavourable situations?

<p>Low LPC leaders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the LPC scores with the corresponding leader type:

<p>High LPC = People-oriented leader Low LPC = Task-oriented leader</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fiedler's Contingency Theory found strong support for the effectiveness of high LPC leaders in all situations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a highly favourable situation involve according to Fiedler?

<p>Good leader-subordinate relations, high position power, structured tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

People-Oriented Leadership

A leadership style that focuses on building relationships, fostering team spirit, and supporting employee well-being.

Task-Oriented Leadership

A leadership style that emphasizes efficiency, productivity, and achieving goals.

Authoritarian Decision-Making

Leaders make decisions independently, with little to no employee input.

Democratic Decision-Making

Leaders involve employees in decision-making, fostering a collaborative environment.

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Laissez-Faire Decision-Making

Leaders are hands-off, allowing employees to make decisions independently.

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Contingency Approaches to Leadership

Leadership theories that understand leadership effectiveness depends on the situation and context.

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Impact of Context on Leadership

Factors like organizational size, industry, and company type influence the effectiveness of different leadership styles.

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Limitations of Behavioral Approaches

Traditional behavioral theories didn't account for situational variations and failed to fully explain leadership success.

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Contingency Theory

A leadership theory that focuses on how the effectiveness of different leadership styles depends on the situation.

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Fiedler's Contingency Theory

One of the earliest contingency theories that proposes a leader's effectiveness is determined by the interaction between their leadership style and the favourableness of the situation.

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Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) Scale

A tool used to measure leadership style by asking individuals to rate their least preferred coworker on various dimensions like friendliness, niceness, and cooperation.

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High LPC Score

Indicates a people-oriented leader who can separate their personal feelings from their ability to work effectively with someone.

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Low LPC Score

Indicates a task-oriented leader who struggles to separate personal dislike from their ability to work with someone.

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Situational Favourableness

The degree to which the situation allows a leader to exert influence. It depends on leader-subordinate relations, position power, and task structure.

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Intelligence and Leadership

Both general mental ability (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ) play a vital role in leadership. Leaders with high IQ are more likely to be perceived as leaders, while high EQ, characterized by self-awareness, empathy, and social skills, is crucial for effective leadership.

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Extraversion and Leadership

Extraversion, marked by sociability, assertiveness, energy, and self-confidence, is a strong predictor of leadership emergence. Extraverts are more likely to emerge as leaders in various situations.

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Conscientiousness and Leadership

Conscientiousness, characterized by organization, initiative, and persistence, also increases the likelihood of leadership emergence and effectiveness.

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Openness to Experience and Leadership

Individuals with openness to experience, who are original, creative, and willing to try new things, tend to emerge as effective leaders.

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Self-Esteem and Leadership

Leaders with high self-esteem are more supportive of their subordinates and administer punishment more effectively. High self-esteem contributes to greater self-confidence and a more charismatic image.

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Integrity and Leadership

Effective leaders typically possess a strong moral compass, demonstrating honesty and integrity, which fosters trustworthiness.

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Task-Oriented Leader Behaviours

These include structuring roles, providing clear instructions, and engaging in behaviours that enhance group performance. These directives aim at accomplishing tasks and meeting organizational goals.

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People-Oriented Leader Behaviours

These behaviors prioritize the wellbeing of employees. They involve demonstrating concern for employee feelings and treating employees with respect. These leaders value their employees and show it through their actions.

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Understanding Individual Goals

Leaders should get to know employees personally and understand their values, priorities, and aspirations to support their growth.

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Humility

Leaders should acknowledge they don't have all the answers and be open to learning from others.

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Open Communication

Transparent communication with employees, including asking questions and sharing information about company developments, fosters trust and engagement.

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Community Engagement

Encouraging employee involvement in community projects aligns with the servant leader's focus on serving others.

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Authentic Leadership

Leaders who demonstrate self-awareness, act in accordance with their values, and demonstrate integrity.

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Understanding Your History

Reflecting on significant life events and how they have shaped you as a person.

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Taking Stock of Who You Are Now

Understanding your personality and its influence on your life.

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Making Integrity a Priority

Identifying your core values and ensuring your actions align with them.

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Situational Leadership Theory (SLT)

This theory emphasizes adapting leadership style to the developmental level of followers. It identifies four levels of readiness based on competence & commitment.

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Follower Readiness

In SLT, this refers to the follower's competence (skills) and commitment (motivation) to perform a task or reach a goal.

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Directing Leadership

A leadership style in SLT used for followers low in competence but high in commitment. It involves giving clear instructions and close supervision.

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Coaching Leadership

Used for followers low in both competence & commitment. This style combines direction with support and encouragement to boost skills and motivation.

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Supporting Leadership

Suitable for followers with moderate competence but variable commitment. It emphasizes collaboration, emotional support, and shared decision-making.

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Delegating Leadership

Used for highly competent & committed followers. It involves granting autonomy and responsibility.

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Path-Goal Theory

This theory focuses on the leader's role in clarifying paths for followers to reach goals aligned with organizational objectives.

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Transformational Leadership

This leadership style focuses on inspiring and motivating followers to go beyond their self-interest for the good of the group. They use charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualised consideration.

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Transactional Leadership

This leadership style focuses on achieving organizational goals through a system of rewards and punishments. They motivate by exchanging rewards for desired behaviors.

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Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory

This theory suggests that the quality of the relationship between a leader and their followers is key to understanding leadership influence.

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High-Quality LMX

This type of leader-member exchange is characterized by trust, mutual liking, respect, and a willingness to go beyond the call of duty.

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Low-Quality LMX

This type of leader-member exchange is characterized by less trust, liking, and respect, with interactions remaining within formal job description boundaries.

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Servant Leadership

This leadership approach prioritizes the needs of others, focusing on employee development, empowerment, and well-being.

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Vision (Charismatic Leaders)

Charismatic leaders effectively communicate a clear, long-term vision that inspires and motivates their followers by emphasizing the overarching purpose and explaining why the goals matter.

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Study Notes

Leadership Traits

  • Intelligence correlates strongly with leadership, encompassing both general mental ability (IQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ)
  • High mental ability individuals are more likely to be perceived as leaders
  • High emotional intelligence (EQ), characterized by self-awareness, motivation, empathy, and social skills, is crucial for effective leadership
  • Personality traits, especially those from the Big Five framework, relating to leadership emergence and effectiveness:
    • Extraversion, the strongest predictor, is associated with sociability, assertiveness, energy, and self-confidence
    • Conscientiousness, marked by organization, initiative, and persistence, also increases likelihood
    • Openness to experience, characterized by originality, creativity, and willingness to try new things, also predicts effectiveness
  • Self-esteem is positively correlated with effective leadership
    • Leaders with high self-esteem are generally supportive of their subordinates and administer punishment more effectively
    • High self-esteem contributes to confidence & charisma
  • Integrity is a key trait
    • Effective leaders typically possess a strong moral compass and exhibit honesty & trustworthiness
  • Agreeableness is negatively correlated with leadership
    • Individuals who are modest, good-natured, and avoid conflict are less likely to be perceived as leaders

Leader Behaviors

  • Task-oriented behaviors are sometimes referred to as initiating structure:
    • Structuring subordinate roles
    • Providing clear instructions
    • Engaging in behaviors that enhance group performance.
    • These behaviors are essentially directives, aimed at accomplishing tasks and meeting organizational goals
  • People-oriented behaviors (also called consideration) center around:
    • Demonstrating concern for employee feelings
    • Treating employees with respect

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Description

Explore key traits that contribute to effective leadership in this quiz. Learn about the correlation of intelligence, personality traits, and self-esteem with leadership emergence and effectiveness. Delve into the Big Five personality traits and discover their impact on leadership success.

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