Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a key component of emotional intelligence?
What is a key component of emotional intelligence?
A leader with a strong internal locus of control believes that they have no influence over outcomes.
A leader with a strong internal locus of control believes that they have no influence over outcomes.
False
What characteristic allows leaders to cope with changes in the workplace?
What characteristic allows leaders to cope with changes in the workplace?
Flexibility and adaptability
Leaders need __________ to face challenges and take prudent risks.
Leaders need __________ to face challenges and take prudent risks.
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Match the following traits with their descriptions:
Match the following traits with their descriptions:
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Which trait is closely related to self-confidence in leaders?
Which trait is closely related to self-confidence in leaders?
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Effective leaders always possess all the traits identified in leadership research.
Effective leaders always possess all the traits identified in leadership research.
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Name one characteristic that helps leaders in facilitating change.
Name one characteristic that helps leaders in facilitating change.
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Which type of leadership style focuses on completing tasks with close supervision?
Which type of leadership style focuses on completing tasks with close supervision?
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Job-centered leaders prioritize concern for people over task completion.
Job-centered leaders prioritize concern for people over task completion.
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What term is used to describe leaders who give excessive supervision and do not empower their subordinates?
What term is used to describe leaders who give excessive supervision and do not empower their subordinates?
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Leaders who implement mental and physical boundaries for tasks and responsibilities exhibit __________ structure.
Leaders who implement mental and physical boundaries for tasks and responsibilities exhibit __________ structure.
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Match the following leadership behaviors with their definitions:
Match the following leadership behaviors with their definitions:
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What type of power do job-centered leaders rely on to influence their followers?
What type of power do job-centered leaders rely on to influence their followers?
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Consideration as a leadership behavior includes taking strict control over followers' activities.
Consideration as a leadership behavior includes taking strict control over followers' activities.
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Name one historical context where job-centered leadership was commonly seen.
Name one historical context where job-centered leadership was commonly seen.
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Which leadership style is considered the most effective according to Blake and Mouton?
Which leadership style is considered the most effective according to Blake and Mouton?
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Leaders rated low in consideration but high in initiating structure tend to have low turnover rates.
Leaders rated low in consideration but high in initiating structure tend to have low turnover rates.
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What two factors does the Managerial Grid measure?
What two factors does the Managerial Grid measure?
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Leaders with high consideration and high structure typically achieve _____ employee satisfaction.
Leaders with high consideration and high structure typically achieve _____ employee satisfaction.
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Match the following management styles with their characteristics:
Match the following management styles with their characteristics:
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What was a key finding regarding the effectiveness of leadership styles?
What was a key finding regarding the effectiveness of leadership styles?
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A low initiating structure and low consideration management style can lead to high employee satisfaction.
A low initiating structure and low consideration management style can lead to high employee satisfaction.
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What managerial approach is suggested for reducing absenteeism and turnover?
What managerial approach is suggested for reducing absenteeism and turnover?
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Which leadership style involves making subordinates feel in charge of their work?
Which leadership style involves making subordinates feel in charge of their work?
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An external locus of control corresponds with participative leadership.
An external locus of control corresponds with participative leadership.
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What is the responsibility of leaders regarding obstacles in the workplace?
What is the responsibility of leaders regarding obstacles in the workplace?
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According to Path-Goal Theory, leaders need to provide _________ when task situations are unclear and ambiguous.
According to Path-Goal Theory, leaders need to provide _________ when task situations are unclear and ambiguous.
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How does an increase in subordinates' perception of their own ability affect leadership style?
How does an increase in subordinates' perception of their own ability affect leadership style?
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Match the type of task situation to the leader’s required involvement:
Match the type of task situation to the leader’s required involvement:
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Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory states that the leader’s style should depend on the maturity level of the followers.
Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory states that the leader’s style should depend on the maturity level of the followers.
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What is a key factor in Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Theory?
What is a key factor in Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Theory?
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What is the primary goal of impression management in the context of leader-member exchange?
What is the primary goal of impression management in the context of leader-member exchange?
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Ingratiation refers to the effort to appear competent and skilled in one's role.
Ingratiation refers to the effort to appear competent and skilled in one's role.
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What develops between a leader and follower as they refine their roles together?
What develops between a leader and follower as they refine their roles together?
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The end result of the life cycle model of LMX relationships is the creation of actual and perceived differences between ______ and out-group members.
The end result of the life cycle model of LMX relationships is the creation of actual and perceived differences between ______ and out-group members.
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Match the following follower attributes with their descriptions:
Match the following follower attributes with their descriptions:
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Which factor does NOT influence LMX quality?
Which factor does NOT influence LMX quality?
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A positive perception of a follower by the leader can enhance the quality of the leader-member exchange.
A positive perception of a follower by the leader can enhance the quality of the leader-member exchange.
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What can situational factors provide leaders with regarding followers?
What can situational factors provide leaders with regarding followers?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the personality characteristics of transformational leaders?
Which of the following is NOT one of the personality characteristics of transformational leaders?
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Transformational leadership is primarily focused on individual interactions without regard for entire organizations.
Transformational leadership is primarily focused on individual interactions without regard for entire organizations.
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Name one historical figure who exemplified transformational leadership.
Name one historical figure who exemplified transformational leadership.
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Transformational leaders help followers reach their fullest _______.
Transformational leaders help followers reach their fullest _______.
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Match the following traits of transformational leadership with their descriptions:
Match the following traits of transformational leadership with their descriptions:
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Which function of transformational leadership involves fostering collaboration?
Which function of transformational leadership involves fostering collaboration?
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Transformational leaders set a series of small goals to contribute to their overarching vision.
Transformational leaders set a series of small goals to contribute to their overarching vision.
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What is the main role of a transformational leader in the context of a vision?
What is the main role of a transformational leader in the context of a vision?
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Study Notes
Leadership Theories
- Leadership is a complex phenomenon, influenced by various factors
- Different approaches to understand and study leadership exist, including trait, behavioral, contingency, and contemporary theories
The Traits Approach
- Early 20th-century scholars investigated traits of great leaders (e.g., strong, intelligent, persuasive)
- Some theories, like the "great man" theory, assumed leadership was an innate quality
- The genetic theory of leadership suggested leadership was inherited, a divine right
- Trait theory asserts that leaders possess unique, innate traits that distinguish them
- Important traits include personality (creativity, self-confidence), physical (energy level), abilities (speech fluency), social (popularity, sociability), and work-related (desire to excel, persistence) characteristics
- Stogdill (1948): found leaders often more intelligent than followers
- Kirkpatrick and Locke (1991): identified six key leader traits: drive, desire to lead, honesty/integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability, and knowledge
- Dubrin (2008): categorized traits into general personality (observable in and out of the workplace) and task-related personality (closely associated with task accomplishment) traits
General Personality Traits of Effective Leaders
- Self-confidence: leader displays and develops confidence; instills self-confidence in others
- Humility: includes being humble in appropriate situations; admitting mistakes to team members
- Trustworthiness: builds trust by being honest and consistent in words and actions
- Extroversion: a state or habit of being primarily concerned with obtaining gratification from external sources; being enthusiastic, talkative, and gregarious
- Assertiveness: being frank in expressing demands, opinions, and feelings; letting others know where you stand; helps achieve goals
- Emotional stability: ability to control emotions and have appropriate emotional responses; includes control of anxiety, depression, anger, and worry
- Enthusiasm: eagerness and showing interest in others; positive response from group members
- Sense of humor: adds to approachability and people-orientation, defuses hostility
- Warmth: showing kindness and affection; helps establish rapport and emotional support.
Task-Related Personality Traits of Leaders
- Passion: a dominant trait in effective leaders; expresses itself as an obsession for achieving company goals
- Emotional intelligence (EI): ability to understand one's feelings, empathize with others, and regulate emotions.
- Flexibility and adaptability: ability to adjust to changing situations, cope with technological advancements, downsizings.
- Internal locus of control: believe they are the prime movers behind events; facilitates self-confidence, likely favored by group members
- Courage: (mental strength to venture) - essential in leader taking risks, and taking initiative
Criticisms of Trait Theory
- Some effective leaders do not possess all traits
- Traits may not be a clear cause or consequence of leadership
- Ignores situational factors affecting leadership
Behavioral Theories of Leadership
- Focuses on what leaders do rather than their innate characteristics
- Researchers examine the behaviors of leaders and their effect on followers
- Developed from the human relations movement in management theory
- Early leadership studies
- Job-centered and employee-centered styles (Likert)
- Initiating structure and consideration (Ohio State studies)
Studies on Leadership Behaviors
- University of Iowa Studies: indicated three styles: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire
- Autocratic: highly productive when leaders are present; unhappiness and hostility frequent when absent
- Participative style: effective if followers are able to learn decision making readily
- Michigan studies: job-centered and employee-centered leaders
- Job-centered leaders dictate work closely and supervise; employee-centered leaders focus on followers
- Ohio State studies: initiating structure and consideration
- Initiating structure: structuring roles and tasks, direct approach, rigorous control
- Showing consideration: supportive, respect for ideas and feelings
The Managerial Grid
- Developed by Blake and Mouton
- Emphasises the bidimensional nature of leadership, focusing on concern for people and tasks
- 9,9 management style (high concern for people and high concern for tasks) frequently viewed as the most effective
Contingency/Situational Leadership
- Effectiveness depends on matching leader styles to the situation, taking into account the situation itself –
- The leader’s style
- Follower characteristics
- The task
Fiedler's Contingency Theory
- Links leadership style (task-oriented or relationship-oriented) with situational control (favorable, moderately favorable, unfavorable)
- Assesses leader style with the Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale
- Favorable situations: leaders with either style are effective
- Unfavorable situations: relationship-oriented leaders are more effective, and moderately favorable situations: relationship and task oriented leaders, are both effective
Path-Goal Theory
- Centers on how leaders motivate subordinates to achieve goals
- Emphasizes the relationship of leaders' style, follower characteristic, and work setting
- Leaders who are directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented
- Clear path to goals, coaching, and removal of obstacles
Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Theory
- Focuses on follower readiness (ability and willingness )
- Four leadership styles (telling, selling, participating, delegating) match follower readiness
The Vroom-Jago Model
- Analyzes decision situations and identifies the appropriate level of follower participation
- Based on set of diagnostic questions
- Five leadership styles: autocratic (A1, A2), consultative (C1, C2), and group-based (G2)
Contemporary Leadership Theories: Charismatic Leadership
- Focuses on the leader's ability to inspire and motivate followers
- A collection of characteristics (vision, risk-taking, tolerance for ambiguity, followers' sensitivity, personal qualities)
- Stages: leader assessment of environment, communicating vision, solidifying trust/commitment, role model/motivator.
- Examples: Sam Walton, historic figures
- Potentially dark side: using organizational resources for personal gain, remaking organization in one's own image.
Contemporary Leadership Theories: Transformational Leadership
- Focuses on inspiring and motivating individuals to achieve results beyond expectations
- Rooted in charismatic leadership, emphasizing inspiration and individual attention
- Based on personal characteristics (charisma, individual attention, intellectual stimulation )
- Ten functions to achieve a vision: identifying opportunities for improvements, experiments, high-performance vision, enlisting others, fostering collaboration, strength capacity, setting example, planning small wins, linking rewards & celebrating accomplishments
Contemporary Leadership Theories: Servant Leadership
- Leader prioritizes follower growth and development
- Emphasizes persuasion and avoids coercive power
- Effects: higher follower commitment, increased team potency, focus on growth
- More effective with certain cultures (East Asian prototype)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key components of emotional intelligence and effective leadership styles. This quiz covers various traits, behaviors, and the impact of leadership on workplace dynamics. Explore how leaders adapt to change and the importance of supervision in achieving results.
